The Senedd met in the Chamber and by video-conference at 13:30 with the Llywydd (Elin Jones) in the Chair.

Statement by the Llywydd

Welcome to this Plenary session. Before we begin, I want to set out a few points. This meeting will be held in hybrid format, with some Members in the Senedd Chamber and others joining by video-conference. All Members participating in proceedings of the Senedd, wherever they may be, will be treated equitably. A Plenary meeting held using video-conference, in accordance with the Standing Orders of the Welsh Parliament, constitutes Senedd proceedings for the purposes of the Government of Wales Act 2006. Some of the provisions of Standing Order 34 will apply for today's Plenary meeting, and these are noted on your agenda. I would remind Members that Standing Orders relating to order in Plenary meetings apply to this meeting, and apply equally to Members in the Chamber as to those joining virtually.

1. Questions to the First Minister

The first item this afternoon is questions to the First Minister, and the first question is from Russell George.

Health Outcomes in Powys

Russell George AC: 1. What is the Welsh Government doing to improve health outcomes in Powys? OQ56773

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, I thank Russell George for that question. Amongst other actions taken by the Welsh Government, we go on investing in capital projects to improve existing hospital facilities in Powys, as well as supporting a business case to build a new multidisciplinary well-being campus in Newtown.

Russell George AC: Thank you, First Minister, for that answer, and, indeed, Powys health board, working with the local authority, have submitted the proposals for the plan—the proposal that you've outlined. I've raised this matter with you a number of times previously, First Minister. The plan would see a cutting-edge, new facility, a new community hospital, with additional services as well being located in Newtown to serve the people of north Powys. The facility would also improve health and well-being outcomes as well, and mean that people can receive appointments more locally in Newtown, or in north Powys, rather than having to travel out of county. So, they are very much a proposal and project that are supported by me.
I understand that the plans are working through a scrutiny process with Welsh Government at the moment, between Welsh Government and the health board, and I would be very grateful, First Minister, if you could provide an update today. I'm keen that these plans are approved, but I would be keen to have an understanding of when you think the Welsh Government will give the green light to this very important project for mid Wales.

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, I thank Russell George for that further question, and thank him indeed for his very consistent support for this project, which I agree with him will offer all those advantages to the local population in Newtown and in the surrounding area. And it is, as Russell George has said, a joint project, an example project in that way of how a local authority and a local health board can come together to provide a new health facility that is not simply in the narrow sense a health facility, but has all that well-being and wider agenda that we know makes such a difference in the lives of people who use it.
Russell George is right, Llywydd: the business case has been submitted to the Welsh Government. There is now that iterative process where the plans are interrogated, questions are asked, replies are received. And the good news is that that process is now well under way. So, I look forward, as he does, to the completion of that project. It's a project the Welsh Government is committed to supporting. It's right that there is a scrutiny process to make sure that an investment of this sort, which is a once-in-a-generation investment, is capable of delivering all the things that people locally would wish to see, and that the money that we will invest in it is achieving the maximum positive impact for that local community.

Joyce Watson AC: I'm sure that Russell George would also agree with me that the £15 million upgrade to Machynlleth hospital, which is currently under way thanks to Welsh Ministers and Welsh Government money, is welcome, as is the ongoing multimillion-pound project in Llandrindod Wells. But more than geography—and the pandemic has exposed this particularly—the biggest inequality in health outcomes is between our most and least well-off communities.So, do you agree with me, First Minister, that the best way to improve health outcomes in Powys, and elsewhere, is to build a fairer Wales?

Mark Drakeford AC: I thank Joyce Watson for that, Llywydd, and thank her for drawing attention to the Bro Ddyfi hospital in Machynlleth. There is a good example of a proposal brought forward by the Powys health board, which completed the full business case process and allowed Welsh Ministers to approve the £15 million that will be invested there in March prior to the election.
The general point that Joyce Watson makes, Llywydd, is surely the right one—that health inequalities are just one example of the wider inequalities that we see in our society. The Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 commits this Senedd to work for a more equal Wales. And a more equal Wales, where the gap between the top and the bottom was narrower than it is today, would have positive impacts for people in many aspects of their lives, and certainly would lead to better health outcomes. We know more equal societies around the world enjoy better health outcomes than more unequal societies. That is why the agenda of this Welsh Government—in its fair work agenda, in its work for a fairer Wales—is dedicated to exactly the sort of outcome that Joyce Watson has suggested.

Jane Dodds AS: The Royal College of General Practitioners in Wales say that loneliness and social isolation can be as bad for patients as chronic long-term conditions. Loneliness puts people at a 50 per cent increased risk of an early death. Forty-one per cent of people in material deprivation were lonely, compared with those of around 12 per cent who are not in material deprivation, and that's following on from the issue that Joyce raised earlier. Could I therefore ask what support is the Welsh Government providing to local authorities to maximise opportunities and services to reduce loneliness and isolation as we emerge from lockdown restrictions? Thank you. Diolch.

Mark Drakeford AC: I thank Jane Dodds for the question, Llywydd.

Mark Drakeford AC: And she is right, of course, that we are much more aware today than we would have been even 18 months ago of the impact that loneliness and isolation has on people's sense of well-being and, indeed, on their physical health as well. And there is a great deal for us to learn from the experience of the pandemic in attending to the impact of loneliness and isolation in the lives of Welsh citizens. We faced this regularly, Llywydd, it seems to me, during the pandemic crisis. Very early on, you will remember we changed the rules in Wales, to allow people going out to exercise—and you'll remember that, at one point, we were only able to go out to exercise once a day. Then we changed the rules to allow someone to accompany you for that exercise, because of reports we had, particularly from women, about a feeling of isolation if they were required to exercise alone. We changed the rules in Wales so that a single-person household could form an extended household with another household before we were able to liberalise the rules on extended households more generally. And, again, that was because of the evidence of the way in which single households—particularly households where a single adult was looking after children as well as themselves—needed the support of another household for the reasons that Jane Dodds has suggested.
Our actions at a community level are both with local authorities but also with the third sector as well, who have a very important part to play in all of this. And Llywydd, just to give one example, the Ffrind Mewn Angen scheme—the Friend in Need scheme—that was part of the COVID response, was established in June of last year and it's run by Age Cymru, and it means that an older person living on their own can receive a weekly telephone call from someone who's been trained as a volunteer befriender. It's advice, it's support, it's an informal chance just to hear another human voice. And we know there are many people, particularly elderly people, living alone who can go days on end without ever having another human encounter, with all the adverse impacts that Jane Dodds pointed to. And that excellent scheme—the Ffrind Mewn Angen scheme—is designed here in Wales to make a difference to the loneliness and isolation that people experience in that way.

Wales and Africa

Joel James MS: 2. What assessment has the First Minister made of how the Wales-Africa programme has strengthened trade with Africa? OQ56759

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, the Wales and Africa programme is a development and solidarity programme, aligned with the delivery of the United Nations' sustainable development goals. The devastating impact of COVID is the current priority of the programme.

Joel James MS: Thank you, Minister. As you will be aware, Wales became the first ever Fairtrade Nation in 2008, and, since 2015, the Welsh Government has provided funding through the Wales and Africa programme for Fair Trade Wales to promote organisations to become fair-trade partners and provide educational outreach on the benefits of fair trade. Fair Trade Wales currently reports that they work with only 30 local fair-trade groups, 200 schools and 18 out of the 22 local authorities. They also only employ two part-time members of staff. At an External Affairs and Additional Legislation Committee meeting in 2018, a representative of Fair Trade Wales reported on how budget cuts had meant that they no longer provided suitable bilingual services, and cuts to staffing had meant that their education link-up with schools had drastically dropped. Remarkably, after 13 years of being a Fairtrade Nation, the Welsh Government has still not convinced every local authority to support fair trade, and Fair Trade Wales have reported that they do not even monitor the value of fair-trade goods sold in Wales. Given that they liaise with so few organisations and have no idea of the amount or value of fair-trade goods sold in Wales, can the First Minister comment on how Fair Trade Wales ultimately benefits the promotion of fair trade with Africa and provides value for money for the Welsh taxpayer? Thanks.

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, I thank the Member for that question, and I can't avoid gently pointing out to him there's an irony in his question, on a day when the House of Commons will be debating the £4 billion cut in overseas aid that his party has decided to impose on some of the poorest people anywhere in the world. But let me take his question at face value, because I think the question is an important one. There is more to do in promoting the values of fair trade here in Wales. I wish every local authority in Wales were signed up to that agenda, and the Wales and Africa programme certainly does support fair trade. It is not a trade programme; as I say, it's a programme designed to emphasise development and solidarity between Wales and other parts of the world.
But some of us here will have met in this building Jenipher Sambazi, the vice-chair of a Ugandan coffee co-operative, where there is a partnership between Jenipher's Coffi and fair-trade organisations here in Wales, in which the trees are planted in that part of Uganda using the Size of Wales programme, which we invest in as well, so that there are sustainable ways of using the products of that planting, and to do it in a way that is fair to the people who work in that industry—those Ugandan farmers—and also offers opportunities for people in Wales to be able to enjoy the fantastic product of all that effort.

Heledd Fychan AS: First Minister, as you alluded to in our first response, Wales and Africa is about much more than trade. Oxfam Cymru, through their partners in Uganda, have been told that COVID-19 cases increased by over 1,000 per cent last month, and that only 4,000 people have been fully vaccinated in a population of 45 million. How is Welsh Government using its voice to push UK Government to share life-saving vaccine know-how and technology with low-income countries such as Uganda?

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, in the job that I do, and indeed in the jobs, I'm sure, that Members around the Chamber do, we have some difficult conversations that we have with sometimes members of the public, sometimes with other organisations. I've seldom had a more challenging conversation than I had recently with the vice-chancellor of the University of Namibia—a good friend of Wales, a good friend of Cardiff University—and the reason that the call was difficult was because the sheer desperation in the vice-chancellor's plea to Wales to help him and his fellow citizens in Namibia went straight to your heart. He had lost 10 members of his staff that week, and more died before the week was over. Seven per cent of the population of Namibia are likely to be vaccinated, and the impact on their public services is simply that there is nowhere for anybody to go to get the help that they need. And that is true not just of Namibia but it's true of Uganda and other partners of the Wales-Africa programme as well.
The vice-chancellor wanted me to lobby the UK Government to accelerate the supply of vaccine to Namibia, and I did that immediately. I wrote straight away to the Foreign Secretary and relayed the conversation I'd had and the case—the urgent case—that there is there. But it's more than just supply of vaccine; it's the ability on the ground to deliver the vaccine when it's received, and we are very fortunate in the Phoenix Project—headed up, many of us will know, by a remarkable woman, Professor Judith Hall of Cardiff University—where we have partners on the ground both in Uganda and in Namibia as well. We have since then been working to find what more we can do to provide equipment and other forms of support to those partners that we have whose needs are so desperate. And my colleague Jane Hutt, I know, hopes to be able to make an announcement before the end of this week, before the end of the term, on the additional help that we are going to be able to provide.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: We look forward to that announcement, First Minister, because I think it is right that our focus right now should be on helping our friends in how to deal with the COVID crisis that is hitting them so dramatically hard. But I wanted, and I thank Joel for raising this question, to raise, in fact, the partnership between Ferrari's coffee manufacturer in Pontyclun, in my constituency, and indeed Jenipher's Coffi, which I drink myself regularly in my little coffee machine in the house, and it's a great example of how the excellence of manufacturing here in Wales, with Welsh-owned businesses, partners up with friends in Africa in order to create a win-win situation, and I'd like to know what more we can do to replicate that model across parts of Wales. And would he just join with me today as we speak here in this Senedd, in this Parliament today, in sending our best wishes to those in the UK Parliament who are seeking to overturn the proposed budget cuts in the UK international development budget? It is pertinent to the discussion we are having here right now.

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, any message that could go from Members of this Senedd to those who are participating in that debate as we speak here and to strengthen the arguments of those many Members of the Conservative Party who have spoken out against the cuts in aid, anything we could do to strengthen their arguments, many of us here would wish to do exactly that. I was able to meet Jenipher of Jenipher's Coffi here in the Senedd in February 2020—one of the very last visits to be made here before visits have become so much more difficult. She was a remarkable young woman, I thought—and others, I know, will have met her as well—both in her commitment to her cause, but in her ability to articulate the difference that the investment—. The small investment that we make from Wales; we make small amounts of money available, but we are lucky to have partners in Wales and beyond whose enthusiasm and dedication makes that money work so much harder than otherwise would be the case. And the coffee farmers in the Mount Elgon area of Uganda, through the Coffee 2020 project, are a very practical demonstration of the difference that we can make, and the fair-trade arrangement here in Wales, involving my colleague's constituency, involving the Fair Do's fair-trade shop in the Cardiff West constituency as well, I think is a really striking and practical example of how money invested from a rich country, by any global standards, in a place where people struggle to get the very basics of everyday life, makes such a difference. And the debate in the UK Parliament this afternoon, Llywydd, is that very rare thing in any Parliament—it is a debate that is genuinely about the difference between life and death for many, many other people.

Questions Without Notice from the Party Leaders

Questions now from the party leaders. Leader of the Conservatives, Andrew R.T. Davies.

Andrew RT Davies AC: Thank you, Presiding Officer. First Minister, the point you made about speaking to the vice-chancellor of the university in Namibia is well made—that, unless we are all vaccinated, none of us will be safe at the end of this, and it is a global problem that we all need to be focused on. But we are moving into better climes; we are moving into an arena now where some of the restrictions can be unpicked. And Professor John Watkins yesterday highlighted that with the success of the vaccination roll-out and the immunity levels—. I can hear chuntering from the nationalist benches, but I'm sure that they would like to listen to the experts, as I like to listen to the experts as well on this particular subject. We've heard many references to Cardiff University as well, and Professor John Watkins is a member of the academic staff there. Do you believe that his assertion that bringing lockdown to an end is correct and will you be supporting that, First Minister?

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, I read very carefully what Professor Watkins had to say and I don't believe that he was arguing at all for a tearing up of all the protections that make a difference to our defences against coronavirus. He was saying that there comes a point where we have to be able to move beyond those protections and I agree with that, and I hope that when, tomorrow, I'm here again making a statement about the outcome of the current three-week review, there will be steps that we can take in that direction. What it will not be will be a wholesale abandonment of the collective actions that we have taken during the pandemic and that continue to keep Wales safe in the face of a third wave of coronavirus, which is already testing our health service—760 people fell ill with coronavirus in Wales yesterday alone; the largest number on a single day for many, many, many weeks. And the thought that that is a promising context in which to move rapidly away from the protections that are still there to keep us safe—I'm not persuaded that this is the moment for such an approach.

Andrew RT Davies AC: I read from your comments, First Minister, that we will have a far more measured approach from you tomorrow and that there will not be the move away from restrictions that has been seen in other parts of the United Kingdom, and that's a judgment call for the Governments to have to take. But one of the conversations that is being had around the whole of the UK is around vaccination passports and the use of vaccination passports. I have to say I'm against such mandatory use of vaccination passports; I think they segment our society and they discriminate against people who might have genuine reasons not to be vaccinated. Would you confirm that it is the Welsh Government's continued position not to support the mandatory use of vaccination passports and, if they are to be used at all, it would only be in guidance only?

Mark Drakeford AC: Yes, Llywydd, I agree with what the leader of the opposition has said. I too am opposed to the mandation of vaccine passports. We make vaccine certificates available to Welsh citizens because they are sometimes required by people wishing to go for foreign travel or sometimes to attend events elsewhere, but those are matters of choice—nobody is forced to go on holiday, nobody has to attend a concert—and the mandation of vaccine certification I think is quite a different matter. I've had a number of conversations with Ministers in the UK Government and they've always assured me that they have no plans to mandate vaccine certification either. And although the Prime Minister, I now see, is encouraging the use of vaccine certification in certain voluntary settings, I think that's still a long way from mandation.

Andrew RT Davies AC: I'm pleased to hear that, First Minister, and I'll also be joining you in supporting that cause, because, as I said, I do think it would create unnecessary divisions within our society. And I appreciate that we're going to have the statement tomorrow, and it doesn't look as if—. Obviously, there will be differences in all parts of the United Kingdom. Now, the Scottish Parliament, for example, is in recall session as we speak, I believe, at 2 o'clock this afternoon—it's not quite 2 o'clock now, but meeting at 2 o'clock this afternoon—the Prime Minister made his announcements yesterday; you'll make your announcements tomorrow. With a third of the population of Wales living within 20 miles of the Welsh border, there has to be an understanding of the obligations and rules that are in place in various parts of the United Kingdom for those rules to be complied with, and it is really important that, where possible, common ground can be reached. Given that we expect there to be differences between what you will announce tomorrow and what has been announced in England, how will you look to try and create that common ground so that the citizens of the countries that are affected by these rules and regulations can know exactly what is expected of them? Because I don't think anyone wants to see a third, a fourth, a fifth wave, and we do want to celebrate the success of the vaccination programme and the immunity that has built up in society as a whole. But we are at a critical moment now, when liberties can be returned, and as many of those liberties should be returned as possible, First Minister.

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, I met yesterday with the First Minister of Scotland, senior Members from Northern Ireland and with Michael Gove from the Cabinet Office. I think we are—. I said at that meeting that it still seems to me that every part of the United Kingdom is moving in broadly the same direction. We may be doing it at slightly different speeds and in different ways, but the essential direction of travel is the same between us all. We all want to go on lifting restrictions; we all want to do it in a way that keeps people safe.
We all made a plea through Mr Gove that the Prime Minister, in his press conference, should make it clear that he was making announcements for England only. It was disappointing, again, to find that the Prime Minister finds that such a difficult thing to do, because it would have helped—it would've helped with the clarity. And I agree with what Andrew R.T. Davies has said there, Llywydd: trying to be clear with our different populations what the position is in different parts of the United Kingdom is a challenge, and it's one we've all got to address. It would've helped if the Prime Minister had been clearer with people that he was not making an announcement for Northern Ireland or Scotland or for Wales.
I do think people at our borders have become more used to this. They've lived through 18 months of there being differences across the border, and people are more alert to it and look out for it more. We will certainly do whatever we can, once decisions are made—and the Cabinet will be meeting again tomorrow morning; we're yet to finalise all of the announcements that will be made tomorrow—we will do our best to make sure that those are as clearly communicated for Welsh citizens as we can.

On behalf of Plaid Cymru, Rhun ap Iorwerth.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: Thank you very much, Llywydd. Yes, it's less than a week, now, until COVID restrictions are removed entirely in England. The chair of the BMA council, Dr Chaand Nagpaul, has described the timing, as the number of cases increases quickly, as being irresponsible, in addition to recent comments made by the World Health Organization, accusing the UK Government of

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: 'moral emptiness and epidemiological stupidity'.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: Now, do you agree, given that you are saving those around you by wearing a face covering—it provides some protection for yourself too, of course—that scrapping the need for face coverings now is irresponsible?

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, of course, the things that are happening in England do raise concerns with us, as a Government, but I'm not going to come here to be critical of what other people are doing; that's a decision for them, to do things in the areas of responsibility that they have. What we see here in Wales, Llywydd, is that there is a relationship between the virus and the vaccine that has changed, but it hasn't disappeared.
Yesterday, there were 69 people in our hospitals in Wales who were confirmed COVID patients—69. Less than a month ago, we were talking about fewer than 20 people, so the number of people who are falling very ill because of the delta variant, that number is growing nearly every day here in Wales. That's why, when the Cabinet considers the possibilities we have in Wales, we are going to proceed in the way that we have throughout the pandemic—namely very carefully, considering the evidence that we have, and taking a phased approach.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: Thank you. I was asking you to give your view on what you think is responsible or irresponsible in Wales, and I do encourage you to retain the requirement to wear a face covering in all locations where people come into close contact, including in shops. I read one scenario over the weekend: it would be very odd, according to Councillor Gwynfor Owen in Gwynedd, if a shop worker had to wear a mask to go to the doctor's surgery, but the doctor didn't have to wear a mask to go to the shop.
Now, you have said that pupils won't have to wear masks in classrooms from September. I have concerns about that, given how close pupils are in classrooms, and I would encourage the Government to be uncompromising in pushing for protection for children and young people through things such as strategies to ensure proper ventilation in classrooms and by pushing for vaccination for children and young people. One driver in all of this for me is an increasing concern about the impact of long COVID and the impact of long COVID on children and young people. Tens of thousands of children and young people across the UK are suffering. May I ask whether the First Minister agrees with that concern that I have? And may I ask for real steps to develop expertise in this area to protect children and young people particularly from long COVID?

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, I do share that concern, and we have more evidence now about the impact of a long COVID on young people, and it's important for us to press ahead and gather more information and have more advice from those who work in that area. In the letter that the Minister for Health and Social Services sent to the schools in Wales, what that letter said was that there was no need to use masks in classrooms 'as a matter of routine'.

Mark Drakeford AC: So, it wasn't advice that masks should never be worn in a classroom setting; it is more a matter of those risks being weighed up in different class settings. We know that classrooms vary hugely; from a modern twenty-first century school to a school built in the nineteenth century, the physical conditions are very different. As it happened, Llywydd, I was in a conversation with the headteacher of a large school in Cardiff on Friday afternoon, who'd just received the letter, and he was, I think, very positive about it. He was very aware of the Children's Commissioner for Wales's advice about the adverse impact that it has on children when they are wearing masks hour after hour in a school setting, and he felt very confident that he and his staff would be able to make those judgments in the specific settings that they faced as to when wearing a mask would be sensible and when you could safely allow children to learn without being confined to them.
The final point, Llywydd, that Rhun ap Iorwerth made was about making sure that there are services for young people and others who fall ill through long COVID, and my colleague the health Minister made a recent statement on that matter. It's one of our reasons for hesitation in the current circumstances because while the link between falling ill and hospitalisation has undoubtedly been amended by vaccination, large numbers of people falling ill in the community is not to be dismissed as though that wasn't a matter of continuing concern, because the more people who fall ill in the community, the greater the risk there will be that some of those people too will then suffer not just a temporary or minor illness, but an illness that will live with them for weeks and months beyond.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: Thank you for those words. You're certainly right that it's about weighing up risks, and given the nature of the debate in some quarters now, some people will listen to me today and to you and think that I'm being overcautious, that I'm being too risk averse, and it's not that. I'm looking at evidence when it comes to masks, for example, and if evidence can point to ways in which we can lift restrictions, let's follow that evidence too. It works both ways.
So, as we head into the school holidays, either you believe that travelling abroad is safe, with the relevant safeguards in place, or you believe it's not. And if not, give us the evidence and put forward regulations that we can vote on. What I don't think you can do is ask people to use their judgment, and you've said repeatedly that you don't think it's the right thing to do, for somebody to go abroad. I'm all for people taking personal responsibility, but, in this context, I think personal judgment really can't be expected to take the place of sound scientific evidence. So, will you provide the clarity that people need on that issue?

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, here is the only clarity I can provide, Llywydd. The advice of the Welsh Government has not changed for many, many weeks. Our advice to people in Wales is that this is the year to stay in Wales and to take your holiday with everything that Wales to offer. The decision to travel abroad will bring additional risks with it—risks to you as an individual, and risks to others on your return. Those risks can be avoided; they're not risks that you have to run. Therefore, in the context of a global pandemic and a third wave of coronavirus, how much better to avoid those risks and to holiday here in Wales?
The reason we cannot make that a law in Wales is that it would simply be unenforceable. There is just no way you could make such a law stick, because three quarters of people who travel abroad from Wales do so from airports across our border, where there will be no such inhibition. And I don't imagine—I've never seen a proposal from Plaid Cymru—that we would prevent people from Wales from travelling across the border into England, and as soon as you allow that to happen, then people would be able to travel and people would. So, I don't find—. I wish we were in a different position to the one that we are in, but, given that that is the position we are in, the advice we can give is as clear as we can make it: there are risks involved, they don't need to be run, there are alternatives, and fantastic alternatives available to you.

Displaying the Union Flag

Rhys ab Owen AS: 3. What discussions has the First Minister had following the decision of Cardiff Council's planning committee to permit the UK Government to display the union flag at its new premises in the capital? OQ56781

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, thank you to Rhys ab Owen for the question. Cardiff Council is responsible for making decisions on advertisement consent in the city. The decision is open to judicial review at present. Due to the potential role of the Welsh Ministers in planning decisions, the advice I've had is that it's not appropriate to discuss this case or any other cases.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Thank you for that, First Minister, and Heledd Fychan and I have written to the Minister, asking for the possible options in dealing with this.

Rhys ab Owen AS: I'm not going to rehearse the argument about the union flag. What the UK Government is doing is blatant, it's obvious, and I think, as you've said previously, First Minister, it's not going to work. It's more the technical point I wanted to make. As you've mentioned, the flag is classified as an advertisement, and the planning officer, whilst granting it, used as an example an LED screen in the city centre, which is 44 per cent smaller than the union flag. The flag isn't up yet, but still we haven't got the recourse to call it back in and we can't appeal it. The only people who can appeal it are the applicants themselves, and, of course, the UK Government won't appeal.
I'm glad to hear that you are looking at other options, because my concern is the precedent this sets, First Minister. Who knows, we could have more union flags popping up; we could have advertisements for fast-food outlets; we could have advertisements for betting firms coming on our skyscrapers in the city centre. So, the concern I have, First Minister, is the precedent this sets. Diolch yn fawr.

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, well, I have to be careful what I say, as you heard in my original answer. My objection is not to a union flag per se; it is whether a 32m tall, 8m wide union flag is a proportionate way of proceeding. I think I can do little better, Llywydd, than to quote the letter written by the leader of the council. It's important, maybe, just to put on the record that this was not a decision taken by elected members of the council. Within the standing orders of the council, this fell to officers to determine, and, as I understand it, the planning rules are such that the presumption is that planning permission is granted and the officers have to be persuaded to go against that presumption. They decided that neither on amenity or on safety grounds should the application be turned down.
But this is the letter that the leader of the council wrote to the Secretary of State for Wales, and he said that 'a misconceived exercise in image projection now would serve little purpose other than to generate disagreement'. And I think that is a point that the UK Government ought to think very carefully about. If the purpose of their actions is to strengthen the union, then they need to ask themselves whether or not a union jack on the scale and size that they are proposing is likely to achieve that ambition, or whether it will simply drive more signatories to the Yes Wales petition asking for it to be reconsidered.

Darren Millar AC: First Minister, we all know that Rhys ab Owen and his colleagues on the Plaid benches would not be raising such objections if this was y ddraig goch that was going to be erected in this UK Government building. But it happens to be a union flag, which, of course, is the flag of the United Kingdom, something of which I am proud to be a citizen. Can I ask you what action the Welsh Government is taking, if we want to talk about legal advertising, to address the proliferation of Yes Cymru stickers around the length and breadth of Wales, for which there appears to be no concern whatsoever being expressed by Members of the party that is raising this concern in the Senedd today? This is an affront to local communities; this is littering and graffiti of the highest order and needs to be addressed.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: He can't even keep a straight face.

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, let me address the first part of Darren Millar's question, because I think he made an important point there. In Gwydyr House in London, the Welsh flag—y ddraig goch—and the union jack are both flown and are both flown, the same size flag, at that building, and I wonder whether the UK Government has thought of replicating the way in which they act in London in the way that they will act now in the centre of Cardiff. If they were to come forward with an application for a Welsh flag of the same size and scale on the building, well, that would simply be to replicate what they have already decided to do where Gwydyr House is concerned in Whitehall.
As to Yes Cymru insignia, it's not a matter for the Welsh Government, and I don't believe it was particularly within the ambit of the question as originally posed.

COVID-19 Variants of Concern

Hefin David AC: 4. Will the First Minister make a statement on the impact of COVID-19 variants of concern on communities in Caerphilly? OQ56785

Mark Drakeford AC: Both alpha and delta variants of COVID-19 have produced significant adverse impacts on communities in Caerphilly, accelerating transmission, increasing positivity levels and leading to more Caerphilly residents falling ill from this dreadful disease.

Hefin David AC: As you can imagine, a lot of Caerphilly residents have contacted me about international travel, and it seems, from the answer to Rhun ap Iorwerth, that the Welsh Government is minded to go in the same direction as the UK Government, for very practical reasons. That means people will travel at an amber level, even if advised not to. In England, TUI is offering travellers a £20 PCR test run by Chronomics, and in Wales, you have to go through the Corporate Travel Management web portal to take an NHS test, which costs £170. So, there's quite a big difference in the cost between the two tests. Will the Welsh Government open up to accepting the Chronomics test from residents, and if not, how does the Government justify that difference in cost?

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, Llywydd, the advice of the Welsh Government is clear to people: don't travel abroad. I don't intend to divert the activities of my officials into making it easier for people to do something that the Welsh Government so clearly thinks is unadvisable.
People taking tests before they leave have to take tests that meet the entry criteria of the country to which the individual is travelling. When people return to Wales, then a PCR test is required; for people returning from amber countries, then the Member is right that those are NHS tests. There are good reasons why that is preferable, because that guarantees that the results of those tests are entered into the patient record; it guarantees that we are able to use the genomic sequencing capacity of Wales—some of the best sequencing capacity anywhere in the world—to make sure that anybody returning from abroad with a new variant of the virus, that that is spotted quickly and effectively by the public service. I think those are compelling reasons as to why an NHS test is preferable, and we have no plans to change that position.

Laura Anne Jones AC: First Minister, while Caerphilly has the second highest rate of new cases of the variant, as you've just outlined, thanks to the vaccine, this is not currently leading to a spike in the Aneurin Bevan health board area, with only seven admissions testing positive for COVID-19. You've just said to us now there are 760 cases in the whole of Wales, out of a population of 3 million. First Minister, what levels of cases would be acceptable forreleasing all the restrictions?

Mark Drakeford AC: First of all, just to be clear, that's 760 new cases in a single day, and today there will be hundreds more. At the current rate of increase, there will be many many more hundreds after that. I congratulate the Aneurin BevanUniversity Health Board and the local authority in Caerphilly for achieving some of the best rates of vaccination anywhere in Wales, and it is great that the vaccine is altering the relationship between falling ill and needing hospitalisation. That is why we are still able to contemplate further easements of the current restrictions. But, as I said in an earlier answer to Rhun ap Iorwerth, none of us should ignore the risks that are caused when you have large numbers of people falling ill every day in the community. It increases the risk of new variants emerging, it increases the risk that people's immunity will wane, it increases the risk of people falling ill with long COVID, it increases the risk that people are not available to be in the workplace because they have fallen ill or they've been in contact with somebody who has fallen ill. So, while I agree with the point that Laura Anne Jones made, Llywydd, on the importance of that link between hospitalisation and the virus, it's only part of the story, and we need to go on being concerned at the scale at which the delta variant is taking hold in Wales and the hundreds and hundreds of people who are falling ill as a result.

Delyth Jewell AC: First Minister, we know that the rates of COVID are increasing again in our communities, and after 16 long months of lockdown, members of the public are understandably fatigued with the restrictions, but the new variants are incredibly transmissible, so how do we get that message across to a public that is hearing irresponsible and confused messaging coming out of an English Government that can't make up its mind about masks?

Mark Drakeford AC: I think the good news about the Welsh public is that people in Wales continue to support the careful and cautious way in which we have responded together to the virus in Wales. I think there is a genuine sense in Wales that this is not just a matter of personal responsibility. The answer to dealing with coronavirus cannot possibly be, 'You're on your own, decide for yourself, make it up in the way that you would prefer'. People in Wales have understood all the way through that this is a matter not just of how I behave, it is a matter of how we behave. This is a collective response to the virus, and people in Wales have been prepared to play their part all the way through.
I can't speak for the post boxes of other Members of the Senedd, but my post box over the last week has been full of people writing to me asking the Welsh Government not to step aside from the sensible precautions that we have all been following together. Often, that comes from people who are themselves vulnerable and who are deeply anxious about what it will be like for them if they are asked to go into places and into contexts where other people are no longer being asked to observe those simple and sensible measures. So, I think at least we have this on our side, in answer to Delyth Jewell's question—that the mood of Welsh people is not a mood of thirsting for some spurious freedom day; it remains a cautious approach in which people want each one of us to go on playing our part.

Poverty

John Griffiths AC: 5. Which policies will the Welsh Government follow to address entrenched poverty levels in Wales? OQ56775

Mark Drakeford AC: Poverty levels in Wales have been worsened by the actions of successive Conservative Governments since 2010. The decision not to extend the £20 weekly addition to universal credit from September will abandon thousands of families in Wales when they most need support. The Welsh Government continues to mitigate these developments to the fullest extent possible.

John Griffiths AC: First Minister, I very much agree with you in terms of the effect of those UK Government policies. Much entrenched poverty is rooted in social class, and working class communities in areas of industrial decline in the Valleys and on our social housing estates are suffering intergenerational disadvantage, which has been around, sadly, for many years. This affects all stages of education, employment and, of course, standards of living. It sometimes results in poor health and well-being, and sometimes in alienation and hopelessness. It has been and is very difficult to address these issues for any Government and for all of our public services. First Minister, what policies will this Welsh Government follow to address early years issues, education issues, economic development, community development and youth services?

Mark Drakeford AC: I agree with what John Griffiths said about the continued importance of social class in determining people's chances in life in Wales. It's not just a matter of class, as we know; it's often a matter of gender and ethnicity as well. John Griffiths is right, of course, Llywydd, that there is accumulating evidence of the challenges that young white working class men face in securing an economic future for them, and young women certainly need additional efforts to ensure that they know that the widest range of possibilities is open to them here in Wales.
I probably can't deal with all the policy areas that the Member highlighted, Llywydd, but for young men, I've always thought that the foundation phase and the Flying Start programme are a genuine example of what we refer to as progressive universalism in Wales. There is the foundation phase, a universal service designed to make young people at the very earliest age love the thought of going to school and learning—that learning is to be enjoyed and to be rewarding. For those boys who come from the backgrounds that the Member has referred to, the foundation phase, I think, is so important in making them feel from right at the start of their lives that school is going to be something that they're going to get a lot out of and is going to give them those chances.
For young women, as I said, we have to do more to make sure that they are not faced with a set of gender stereotyped choices that they can make. Earlier this year, in April, I went with the Member for Blaenau Gwent to Thales in his constituency and heard a fantastic story of the way in which that company is making sure that young women in that area know that there are careers for them in those newly emerging industries. The programme was led by two fantastic young women, who explained to us everything that they were doing to make sure that those opportunities were known to young women in the Blaenau Gwent constituency.
For both young men and young women, the youth employment guarantee that this Government offers will be a fundamental building block in making sure that, as the economy recovers from the economic consequences of coronavirus, those young people that John Griffiths refers to are not left behind, that they have genuine opportunities, that we work with them to make sure that they can see a chain—a chain from where their lives are today to where they would like their lives to be in the future.

Natasha Asghar AS: First Minister, thank you so much for mentioning women and young people in your previous answer, but I'd like to focus on older people. The older people's commissioner for Wales, in 2018, reported that an estimated 112,500 older people actually live in poverty here in Wales, with 50,000 people living in severe poverty. Last year, the charity Independent Age produced a report saying that hundreds of thousands of elderly people could be lifted out of poverty with a full uptake of pension credit. Independent Age said 61 per cent of those eligible are receiving the benefit and that some 450,000 pensioners could move out of poverty in the United Kingdom if uptake was increased to 100 per cent, thereby reducing pensioner poverty to its lowest ever level. The Welsh Government strategy for older people referred to Communities First as a mechanism to address older people's financial inclusion and improve their ability to access appropriate financial advice and services. The continued poor uptake of financial entitlement suggests that the programme failed to achieve its target. What action is the Welsh Government taking to ensure that older people are aware of their entitlements, know how to apply with targeted help and support, and have the confidence to claim their entitlement? Thank you.

Mark Drakeford AC: Natasha Asghar certainly identifies an important issue. The person in Wales who is least likely to take up their entitlement to welfare benefits is a single woman living on her own aged over 75. There are many, many reasons for that, and many of them are rooted in the gendered experience that I referred to in my earlier answer. They are women whose husbands have died, and they relied in the past on somebody else taking care of money matters within the home. So, there is a lot of work that has to be done to try and give those people the confidence to come forward to claim the things to which they are entitled. It's why we invest such large sums of money in our single advice service; it raised £42 million in unclaimed benefit in Wales in recent times, which shows that it can be done, even though it requires a lot of effort. With some older people particularly, you are dealing with issues of pride as well, and issues of not wanting to get tangled up in a system that they fear may leave them worse off rather than better off. Of course, one way in which older people in Wales can be better off is for the UK Conservative Government not to break another election promise and not go ahead with the triple lock on the rising of pension entitlement, a promise that they made a great deal of in the election campaign of 2019—a guarantee that pensions would rise by whichever of those three measures was the highest. Now it turns out that it's not convenient for the Chancellor. It wasn't convenient for him to pay international aid, it isn't convenient for him to pay universal credit, and now it's inconvenient for him to pay pensioners as well. People will draw their own conclusions, Llywydd, about where the values of such a Government lie.

COVID-19 Vaccines

Tom Giffard AS: 6. Will the First Minister provide an update on the uptake of the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccines in Wales? OQ56794

Mark Drakeford AC: I thank the Member for that question, Llywydd. Our vaccination programme continues to make excellent progress across Wales. As of today, 73 per cent of people aged 18 and over in Wales have received two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine, and that is the highest rate anywhere in the United Kingdom.

Tom Giffard AS: I thank the First Minister for that answer. I was recently contacted by a constituent who is a student at Swansea University and received a first dose of the vaccine from the Swansea Bay University Health Board, but has come across significant issues trying to arrange the second vaccination elsewhere. If you'll indulge me, I'll read an excerptof their correspondence, which says, 'I was living in Swansea as a student and got my first dose of the vaccine there. However, when moving back to my home address, I found it extremely difficult to contact Cardiff and Vale health board about the second vaccination. I was pushed from pillar to post and it took me about three or four days of contacting different people where I was continually told that I cannot phone them for my second vaccination, nor could I arrange for my second vaccination to be taken in another health board. It was only through a great deal of persistence and hours spent on the phone that I managed to get this appointment changed, but the system really isn't good enough, and I know that others in my position just won't bother taking the second dose if there is this much hassle involved'. So, can I ask, First Minister, what action are you taking to ensure that the process of booking a second vaccination in a different health board to the first is made as easy as possible for those, like students, who live in different places at different times of the year?

Mark Drakeford AC: I certainly agree that the system should be as easy as possible. We made a conscious decision to allow students to have their vaccines in different places. You wouldn't have to trail all the way back to the university where you were based in order to get a second vaccine. The good news for the Member's constituent is this: in every part of Wales, there are now walk-in vaccination centres, where you don't need an appointment, you don't need to go through any complex procedure, you simply turn up and you get your vaccination. I'd urge all young people in Wales who have been made an offer of a first or second dose of the vaccine to take up that offer. It really is as easy as we can make it, and I think the best advice to any young person is: 'Take advantage of it because it will protect you and it will protect people who matter to you.'

Council Tax

Sioned Williams MS: 7. What assessment has the First Minister made of council tax levels in South Wales West? OQ56766

Mark Drakeford AC: I thank the Member for that. Local authorities in Wales have the flexibility to set their annual budgets and council tax levels to reflect local priorities and to sustain those services on which so many of our fellow citizens rely. Councils are independently, democratically accountable to their residents for these decisions.

Sioned Williams MS: Thank you for that answer, First Minister. You'll be aware that Neath Port Talbot Council consistently sets one of the highest council tax levels in Wales. Residents simply can't understand why it costs NPT council so much more to deliver services compared to neighbouring counties. There's an issue of fairness at the heart of this. And whilst accepting each local authority's democratic right to set its own council tax levels, what work is the Welsh Government doing to ensure that councils across Wales are systematically reviewing their expenditure levels, and have you considered undertaking an investigation specifically into higher-taxing authorities, such as Neath Port Talbot, with a view to delivering more consistent council tax levels in Wales? Diolch.

Mark Drakeford AC: The Member's constituents in Neath Port Talbot will be pleased to know that living in that area, with a Labour authority, the rise in their council tax this year is 3.1 per cent; that's lower than in Anglesey, lower than Gwynedd, lower than Ceredigion, lower than Carmarthenshire, where the Member's own party is in charge. So, I think they will appreciate that a little more probably than the question suggested. The Member may be aware today that figures published also show that Neath Port Talbot, very unusually for any other local authority during this very difficult year, has actually exceeded its expectations in the collection of council tax, and that is good news for residents of Neath Port Talbot, because it means that the local authority will have more resources than it had anticipated in order to provide the services that residents of Neath Port Talbot require and rely on every day.
There are reasons why some local authorities have higher council tax rates than others, and they essentially rest in the make-up of those local populations. Those factors are well known to local authorities and are rehearsed every year in the independent group that we established in order to review plans for the council tax. And I'm sure that they are very well alerted to the points that the Member has made.

Health Services in North Wales

Sam Rowlands MS: 8. What action is the First Minister taking to improve health services in North Wales? OQ56795

Mark Drakeford AC: Llywydd, amongst the actions taken to improve health services in north Wales will be the opening of a new north Wales medical school in Bangor. The health Minister intends to update Members on this development early in the autumn.

Sam Rowlands MS: Thank you, First Minister. I certainly welcome that investment in the medical school in Bangor. I'm sure you'd also agree that having the right facilities throughout the region and the country is an important factor in ensuring that quality healthcare is provided. And if we were to look at the investment in facilities over the past five years, there is a significant gap between what is being spent in north Wales and what is being spent in the south. On a per capita basis, spend in north Wales, in my region, is around half of that for some parts of south Wales. And this has been during a time in which the health board has been in special measures as well. So, why do you think there's such a gap and what will you do to bridge this gap?

Mark Drakeford AC: Well, fortunately, Llywydd, I have the figures for the last five years in front of me here. In the first of those years, more capital expenditure took place in Betsi Cadwaladr than any other health board in the whole of Wales. And in the second of those five years, the pattern was the same again: £73 million of capital investment in Betsi Cadwaladr, and in second place Aneurin Bevan, with £50 million—£23 million more in Betsi Cadwaladr than in any other part of Wales. And the answer is obvious, isn't it—it's that capital expenditure is cyclical. During those years, there was major investment in Ysbyty Glan Clwyd in the Member's constituency—[Interruption.]—the Member who is offering me his advice. In his constituency, there was major investment in that hospital; it was absolutely right that, in those two years, more money was spent in north Wales than anywhere else. At other parts in the cycle, there will be major investments in other parts of Wales. So, in the last three years, there have been investments in the south-east of Wales—that's just the nature of capital expenditure.
Let me put another point to the Member—and to other north Wales Members from his party. So, in this year, north Wales has 22 per cent of the population, and, in revenue terms, it will have 23 per cent of the expenditure of the national health service. The logical corollary of his question is that we should reduce that revenue expenditure to bring it in line with the population share. I don't suppose that is what he would be suggesting, and it's not what we are suggesting either. But just as we spend more per head in north Wales in revenue terms, in some years we spend more in capital, and in other parts of Wales there will be times when there are investments needed there, which will temporarily put them in a different place in that league.

Thank you, First Minister.

2. Business Statement and Announcement

The next item is the business statement and announcement. And I call on the Trefnydd to make that statement—Lesley Griffiths.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Diolch, Llywydd. There are no changes to this week's agenda. Draft business for the next three sitting weeks is set out on the business statement and announcement, which can be found amongst the meeting papers, available to Members electronically.

Darren Millar AC: Trefnydd, can I call for two statements today from the Welsh Government—the first from the Minister for health? And that is in relation to the pressures that are currently being faced by hospitals in north Wales. I had a briefing yesterday with the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, and was told that, because of the staycation market being so significant, and north Wales being such a top destination, they've currently got—and this is outside of the school summer holidays—two wards full of people from outside of Wales occupying beds within the region. That obviously displaces the availability of healthcare for local residents, and is a concern to the health board. And I do think that there needs to be an additional revenue stream in order to help the health board get through those significant pressures in the future.
Can I also ask that, in the Welsh Government's statement tomorrow from the First Minister, on the coronavirus restrictions, reference is made to churches and places of worship? Because I think there's a great demand now for masks to be taken off in our churches, in order that people can sing out loud. We've seen scenes across Wales, with people in pubs watching the big screens, to see Euro matches being played. Obviously, the excitement, the passion and the enthusiasm is replicated in churches, but they're not cheering about football, they're cheering about Jesus, and singing about Jesus. And people want to take these masks off—they've had enough of them now. There's ample space in most buildings for sufficient social distancing, there's good ventilation as well in many of our churches and chapels across Wales. And I do think that people are now wanting to see some change. So, I would be grateful if there could be specific references to places of worship in the statement tomorrow, so, if you can give me some confidence, I'll look forward to seeing that statement when it's delivered.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Well, in relation to your second point, you will have heard the First Minister say several times that Cabinet is still having discussions around this week's review of regulations, and the First Minister will be making a statement here in the Chamber tomorrow afternoon.
You made, I think, a very pertinent point around our health boards, and, as you say, certainly we are seeing more people holidaying in Wales this year, as we did last year. And clearly, for our public services, this does have an impact. One of the reasons why we are exploring proposals for debate around a tourism tax is to look at how we can continue to fund—[Interruption.] And the Member can shake his head, but it is something that could be charged on people who choose to go to those areas, in a very modest way, but then it could give us a very significant opportunity for our public services to invest in those conditions that make tourism a success, and that is clearly one of them.

Delyth Jewell AC: I'd like a statement, please, about protecting people from air pollution. Residents in Cwmfelinfach are concerned about a waste treatment facility granted planning permission in Nine Mile Point industrial estate. An environmental permit was originally refused by Natural Resources Wales, because of how emissions could affect residents' health, but NRW reneged on the refusal, when the company put in an appeal. And, in spite of the fact that the factory could release tens of thousands of carbon dioxide in tonnes every year, construction is under way under a new company. Now, Trefnydd, I know the Government can't comment on the specifics, particularly because of the potential judicial review, but this case seems to be a test of the climate and nature emergencies we've declared. I've already mentioned air pollution that will affect residents just from the site. There are also hundreds of lorries that will plough through the village and local forests and ecosystems will likely be destroyed. A local writer, Patrick Jones, has written to me pointing out that, 'It is tragically ironic that in a place where miners died after years of inhaling coal dust we are now legitimising another poison that will limit the lives of our next generation.' So, Trefnydd, can a statement please set out what the climate and nature emergencies mean, if plans like this are allowed to go ahead?

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. I would advise the Member to write to the Minister for Climate Change. Whilst, as you say, she cannot comment obviously on a specific facility, as you referred to, I think she will be able to give you an answer to your question, rather to wait obviously until the new term begins.

Mike Hedges AC: I'm asking for two statements by the Government. The first one is on how health will be improved and how life expectancies will be increased by improving the overall health of people in Wales, as opposed to intervening when people are seriously ill and need hospitalisation. Take type 2 diabetes—the number of cases can be reduced by diet and exercise. We need to do more in prevention, instead of spending millions and millions of pounds, or hundreds of millions of pounds, on intervention when people actually get ill.
The second statement I'm requesting is an anti-poverty strategy. I'm one of those who really was very unhappy that Communities First was ended. I thought it was a huge mistake made by the previous Government. But it's been made, so there's no going back. But I am asking for a Government strategy to reduce poverty, especially in some of the most disadvantaged communities, because we have an awful lot of very poor people in Wales, and we need to do something to try and support them.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you, Mike Hedges, for those two requests. In relation to the first item, I absolutely agree: prevention is obviously better than a cure, and certainly we have our 'Healthy Weight: Healthy Wales' strategy. That sets out our long-term ambitions to reduce obesity right across Wales. We've got our 2021-22 delivery plan, and that's got a focus also in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and reducing health inequalities, and that's backed up by a £6.5 million fund.
In relation to poverty, obviously—Welsh Government—the Communities First was our flagship programme for many, many years, and that was brought to an end, as you say, in the previous term of Government. However, we have a variety of schemes where we look to work with those in our most deprived communities, and I will ensure that the Minister for social equality brings forward a statement at the most appropriate time around a new strategy.

Mark Isherwood AC: I call for two Welsh Government statements. Firstly, on Welsh Government support for people with learning disabilities. Three weeks ago, the Royal College of Nursing launched its report on learning disability nursing, 'Connecting for Change'. The report highlights a significant decline in learning disability nurses across the UK. The RCN states that some of this reduction is due to the positive shift in the support for people with learning disabilities from a medical model to a social care model. Although they believe many learning disability nurses have moved on with people with learning disabilities, and are now providing skilled support in social care settings, there is not the data about this workforce, and there is no Government strategy for planning or developing the work of nurses in social care. The report also found significant differences across the four UK countries. For example, many counties in England have children's community learning disability teams with learning disability nurses. However, there is a lack of children's learning disability services in Wales. Specific to Wales, the report has highlighted that student learning disability nursing numbers have remained static for the last three years, and there is only one learning disability nurse at nurse consultant level across the whole of Wales. I therefore call for a statement detailing the Welsh Government's response to the RCN's call for a workforce plan to accompany the strategic development of learning disability services across Wales over the next decade.
I also call for a Welsh Government statement on COVID-19 PCR testing for green-list countries. I heard the First Minister's response earlier, but it will not satisfy the constituent who e-mailed on Saturday as follows:
'I bought a package holiday via Tui, but unlike residents of England, I can't take advantage of their testing package at a cost of £20 for all tests. Instead, I'm forced to pay £88 per person just for the return PCR test, plus an additional charge for the return to UK antigen test. For the four adults and two children travelling, this adds an additional overhead of more than £400.'
I was also in dialogue today with a lady who is due to take her last holiday with her terminally ill husband and may now have to reconsider due to this unnecessary cost. This kind of treatment of people who have followed all the rules—

I think that you've run out of time now, Mark Isherwood, so I'll ask the Minister to respond.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. With regard to his second point, I don't think I can add anything further to the First Minister's comments earlier.
I know the Minister is currently analysing the report to which you refer—the workforce plan from the RCN. I do know that several of the health boards in Wales have undertaken specific training in relation to learning disability with their nurses. I know there was some significant work done at the Maelor hospital, for instance. So, I think what is important is that that support is right across Wales, and not just by one or two health boards.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Trefnydd, I have been very fortunate recently to meet a number of schools in Cardiff—Gwaelod y Garth, Plasmawr and Cardiff West Community High School—to discuss the great work of the Youth Parliament, and every time there is a question-and-answer session at the end, the environment arises all the time in their questions. Across parties, I think we were all disappointed that the clean air Act was not in the legislative statement last week. Could we please have a timetable in order to see when the clean air Act will be forthcoming, and also the abolition of single-use plastics? Can we have a statement on that, please?

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. You will be aware that—. I think it was the Minister for the Constitution who gave the legislative programme statement here in the Chamber last Tuesday, and you will appreciate that that programme just set out the legislation for the first year. It doesn't mean that other Bills that we hope to bring forward during this term of Government are not being worked on at the moment. Probably the clean air Act will be currently having a great deal of preparatory work done, because these Bills take quite a few months to draft and make sure that they're ready to be put before the Senedd. So, as soon as we are able to—and we'll be looking, obviously, towards the second year—we will be able to bring forward a statement.

Jayne Bryant AC: Trefnydd, I'd like to ask for a statement on the provision of specialist mental health services for those living with diabetes. Last week, I was pleased to chair the inaugural meeting of the cross-party group on diabetes in the sixth Senedd. At this meeting, we heard from Dr Rose Stewart, a consultant clinical psychologist in diabetes working in Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board. Dr Stewart gave an excellent presentation about the desperate need for better specialist mental health support for the nearly 200,000 people living with diabetes across Wales. The case for improving specialist mental health provision for diabetes is clear. Diabetes UK's 'Too often missing' report found that seven in 10 people with diabetes felt overwhelmed managing their condition. Eating disorders are three times as prevalent amongst young people with type 1 diabetes than those without, and people with diabetes are twice as likely to experience depression than those without the condition. If these issues are not addressed, worsening psychological health can lead to worsening diabetes management, where complications can quickly become extremely serious. Therefore, I ask for a statement or an early debate after recess on investment in specialist mental health support for those living with diabetes.

Lesley Griffiths AC: We obviously recognise the psychological impact of living with a long-term condition such as diabetes, and Jayne Bryant mentioned that there are many thousands of people living with that condition across Wales. We do, obviously, expect health boards to put in place appropriate support for people with such a long-term condition. That does include supportive care from both generalist and specialist clinicians so that people are helped to manage their condition, as well as, where necessary, access to more specialised clinical psychology. Improving access to, and the quality and range of, psychological therapies is a priority area for us that's set out in our 'Together for Mental Health' delivery plan—I think that was back in 2019.

Heledd Fychan AS: Trefnydd, I'd like to request two statements, if I may, the first in terms of this Government's response to the fact that the UK Government refused last week the demands to give £1.2 billion from pension funds to former miners, and instead insisted on keeping hold of that funding. And how will the Welsh Government support those miners and their families to get justice and that which they deserve?
Secondly, last week I was fortunate to have the opportunity to visit the Rhondda tunnel, along with other Members of this Senedd. I know that there are many advocates of the project in this Chamber, and I know that the Deputy Minister for Climate Change sees huge potential for this project. But there is a problem: the tunnel belongs to the UK Government, However, with this Government's emphasis on tackling the climate emergency, promoting active travel and promoting tourism in Wales in a sustainable manner, with less money on road building, we need to turn the enthusiasm of this Government into definite steps. So, can we have a statement in the next term from the Minister or the Deputy Minister on the next steps in taking this project forward, as well as a timetable for it?

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. In relation to the issue around miners' pension, I will ensure the relevant Minister makes representations to the UK Government Minister, because I don't think that can wait until the next term.
And in relation to the Rhondda tunnel, it's a long time since I heard the Rhondda tunnel mentioned in the Chamber. I remember Leighton Andrews was the first person to—. I was very unaware of the Rhondda tunnel, but I remember learning all about it from him. And I will, certainly, ask probably the Deputy Minister for Climate Change to give the Member an update by letter, and perhaps put that in the library so all Members will be aware of it, because I'm not quite sure what the next steps are, but I think you do raise a very good point.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Trefnydd, I'm actually quite saddened and deeply frustrated to realise that, in Aberconwy, and on a frequent basis, some of our pubs, hotels and eateries are now having to turn potential customers and visitors away. I have one cafe that is only able to operate three days a week, and another licensee with two operations only able to keep one of his businesses open. And I have other hoteliers who are really struggling now to find trained staff. The hospitality and retail sectors are indeed the perfect setting to learn new and essential life skills, including teamwork, customer service and time management. Having come through an astoundingly difficult time due to frequent lockdowns, this is the last thing that our businesses need. I'm playing my own role in confronting this problem by holding a virtual round-table this summer with business owners, local colleges and those who can help face down some of these challenges posed.
There are many disparate issues that have contributed to the present shortage—unclear routes from formal education, an entrenched reputational challenge, as well as the issue of wage levels. Training is a really big issue for these businesses. So, Trefnydd, really, what I'm looking for is a statement on what you as a Welsh Government are doing to support these businesses. Are you likely or minded to provide a training grant, because, clearly, when people have got people off self-isolating, other staff covering them, there isn't the capability or facility to train staff? I've been asked on numerous occasions now, 'What will you do as a Welsh Government?' Thank you. Diolch.

Lesley Griffiths AC: I certainly agree with the Member that the hospitality sector, and the food and drink sector as a whole, offers a very attractive career for many, many people. One of the biggest reasons we are seeing a shortage in this sector—because, obviously, this falls within my own portfolio and it's been raised with me many times—is the fact that we've not been able to see workers from the EU being able to travel as freely into the UK as they were, and also we've seen a lot of workers not want to return to the UK. We are seeing a shortage of workers in the food-processing and manufacturing sector as well. So, this is an issue I am taking up with the sectors. I've got a meeting, actually, tomorrow, with the food retail sector, for instance. But I think it is important that we continue to work with the UK Government. It was something I was going to raise in a bilateral with the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Secretary of State yesterday, which unfortunately had to be cancelled, but I will continue to raise it with him and at the next opportunity.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: Trefnydd, may I ask for one statement on the matter of play?

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: The first Wednesday in August will be National Play Day, and, of course, our organisations in Wales will be taking part in that, right across the country, including, of course, Llanharan Drop-in Centre, who provide in Bryncae and Brynna and Llanharan the Playtots Playgroup, and day nursery, and holiday clubs, and the Happy Dayz well-being and support group, and after-school clubs and youth clubs as well. They will be celebrating on that day their twenty-fifth anniversary—25 years of providing such a wonderful service to the children and families and young people in the communities of that area. So, I wonder if we could have a statement on how Welsh Government and its arm's-length organisations will be supporting National Play Day—a written statement would suffice—but also if she'd join me in welcoming the amazing work done by organisations such as the Llanharan Drop-in Centre over 25 years.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. Well, I certainly congratulate Llanharan Community Development Project on their twenty-fifth anniversary. That's no small feat, and projects like that do provide so many opportunities in our communities for children and young people and their families. You'll be aware the Welsh Government continues to place great value on play and its importance in the lives of all children in our society. I'm really pleased that you mentioned the National Play Day on 4 August, and the theme of that is 'summer of play', and you'll be aware of the Deputy Minister's statement around summer of fun, which I think encapsulates the play as well. We work very closely with Play Wales to ensure that children's right to play is fully considered, and we've got a wealth of play opportunities for children right across Wales, and that summer of fun I mentioned, we've supported with £5 million.

Jane Dodds.

Jane Dodds AS: Thank you, Llywydd, and thank you also to the Trefnydd.

Jane Dodds AS: Pre COVID, one in three women were experiencing some form of violence, domestic abuse or sexual violence. The full impact of the pandemic on women experiencing violence is still to be determined, but sadly, from anecdotal evidence, it is likely that numbers have increased. Welsh Women's Aid reported in 2020, and they stated that the provision of sustainable funding for violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence, as required by the 2015 Act, is yet to be achieved. I do pay tribute to this Government's commitment to preventing sexual violence through the Violence against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015, but may I ask the Minister to bring forward a statement on the provision of sustained funding to support those services that help women who are experiencing domestic violence, and to look at preventative measures against domestic abuse and sexual violence? Thank you. Diolch.

Lesley Griffiths AC: I thank Jane Dodds for that point. The violence against women, domestic abuse and sexual violence revenue budget for this current financial year is £6.825 million. That does include additional non-recurrent funding of £1.575 million, and that does actually represent an increase from the previous budget. Certainly, I think it is sad to say that we have seen an increase in access to our services during the last 16 months, but what that additional funding has enabled is for all organisations—you mentioned one in particular—to provide further support to service providers so that they can continue to access those vital services and, as I say, deal with the increasing demand we've seen over the pandemic.

James Evans MS: Trefnydd, can I request that the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being makes a statement to update the Chamber on mental health provision in Wales? I find it incredibly disappointing that the Deputy Minister for Mental Health and Well-being hasn't yet been given the opportunity to provide a statement on mental health during this term, considering the worrying data coming forward. Latest statistics show some very worrying trends in a couple of the health boards. For example, in March, just 25 per cent of CAMHS primary mental health service assessments were undertaken within 28 days in Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, falling to 13 per cent of all assessments for all services being within this target. I'm concerned that, in under-18s services across Wales, one in three will now be waiting over a month for assessment in Wales. Given the results from the Mind Cymru survey published yesterday, which showed that older adolescents have been hit the hardest, I think a more detailed response from the Government would now be useful. Diolch, Llywydd.

Lesley Griffiths AC: The Welsh Government has put significant funding right across Wales in relation to our mental health services, and, in particular, children's mental health. We have worked very hard to protect young people's mental health, despite the pandemic. You'll be aware that we've developed the mental health toolkit, we've put increased investment into our school counselling services and we've included support where learners aren't in school. So, I think right across not just our schools, but our health boards as well, there is significant funding to ensure that our mental health services—. And I think it is fair to say that there was a backlog in accessing those services, but we've done significant work to address that.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: Trefnydd, I'd like to bring up the rights of disabled people living in Wales. Earlier this month, the 'Locked out' report, commissioned by your Government, was a wake-up call to many in authority, as it detailed how the pandemic had led to medical discrimination and limited access to public services and social support, along with general weakening of basic human rights for disabled people.
I know the Minister for Social Justice responded to this report with a Cabinet statement, which addressed some of the points raised. I'm keen to see if other recommendations of the report are being considered. This follows a case brought to my attention by constituents, which involved a disabled family attempting to travel to London by train, but not being able to because of a limit on wheelchairs on carriages. Despite pre-booking their tickets well in advance, the family had to split up and travel on separate trains, which is unacceptable. This case resonates with the report's findings that your Government, and I quote:
'needs to address the restrictions on disabled people's mobility as a matter of urgency by increasing funds to enable disabled people to use "safer" and accessible travel.'
Can the Government provide an update as to how public transport is being made equitable for disabled people in our country as part of your response to the 'Locked out' report? Diolch.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. It's probably a bit premature to bring forward a further statement; as you say, the Minister for Social Justice did bring forward a statement, and, at the current time, I know that she is looking at all the recommendations and the findings in the report. I think there's significant work to be done and I know that she is establishing a taskforce, a Minister-led taskforce, that will include significant representation from disabled people and disability groups to enable her to address those sort of stubborn, deep-rooted inequalities that the report highlighted.

Joyce Watson AC: Trefnydd, could we have a statement on universal credit, please, specifically on the UK Government's assessment of the planned withdrawal of the £20 top-up at the end of September? The Tories, it seems, are intent on taking money out of the pockets of those who can least afford it. In Wales, more than 237,000 households were on universal credit in February, and more than 30,000 of those were families in my region.
Across the UK, it's estimated that the uplift has helped over 700,000 people stay above the poverty line, and it does somehow beggar belief that the UK Government would be, yet again, intent on choosing to make low-income households poorer, given all the uncertainty that autumn and winter puts in front of us. So, I really would appreciate an update from Government along that line on behalf of those individuals and those families.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. We're extremely disappointed that the UK Government has decided to end the additional £20 universal credit weekly payment from the end of September. There's no doubt that it will impact on some of our poorest households in Wales, who are already struggling as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. I thought it was very interesting that six former Secretaries of State signed a letter—Tory Secretaries of State—to the Department for Work and Pensions Secretary of State when she confirmed that the £20 per week universal credit would end at the end of September. What we can do as a Government is continue, along with other organisations, to support our organisations that help people who are, and will be, significantly affected by the UK Government's heartless decision.

Rhun ap Iorwerth AC: May I request a written statement as a matter of urgency on borders infrastructure in the port of Holyhead? There are parts of the infrastructure that are the responsibility of the Welsh Government and parts that are the responsibility of the UK Government, through HMRC. I've had enough of the lack of transparency and communication from HMRC. We now hear that they have purchased the Roadking truck stop, where people will be losing their jobs. It's an important resource for the town at the moment.
I'm still waiting for some clarification from HMRC on that, but we need to know exactly what the position of the Welsh Government is on this. What discussions have Ministers had with the UK Government on jobs—assurances for people working in Roadking now, in terms of getting jobs in the new tolls development? Will they be able to move immediately there without a break in their employment? What will happen to the lorries that have been parking in Roadking? It's such an important resource, as part of the port infrastructure.
But also, now, I hear that the Welsh Government is moving the development that you were preparing from Parc Cybi into the Roadking development. The community of Holyhead and the people of Anglesey need to know what is happening, so can we have that statement as a matter of urgency, please?

Lesley Griffiths AC: I'm sure the Member is aware that the Welsh Government was brought very late to the party by the UK Government in relation to the borders infrastructure that is going to be needed, both in Holyhead and, obviously, in south-west Wales. The Minister for Economy is leading on this area, and I know is currently looking at some advice around this. I will ask him to bring forward a written statement when he has more information to share with Members.

Finally, Jenny Rathbone.

Jenny Rathbone AC: Thank you very much, Llywydd. Today, I went to collect the boxes of fruit and vegetables in order to deliver them to the local foodbank that I have been delivering to for the last 18 months. I was unable to get anything because of the crisis of supplies that is being experienced at the wholesalers in Cardiff. There simply are not enough fruit and vegetables arriving, which is really, really devastating to me, as I understand just how important it is for everybody to have access to fresh fruit and vegetables.
This is happening at a time when it should be the height of the growing season, when there is a plentiful supply of fruit and vegetables. It would appear that the problem is (a) because of a shortage of pickers to pick up the produce that people are growing—it's just being left in the fields—and (b) a shortage of lorry drivers to actually deliver the produce to the wholesale markets.
Now, the supermarkets obviously get first pick of all of the produce because they are all-powerful, but even in the supermarkets I have noticed empty shelves in places where normally there is an abundant supply of fruit and vegetables. So, this, to me, is a real wake-up call on our food security, at a time when—the disruption to our supplies that is happening as a result of our departure from the European Union. This has never happened to me at the height of the pandemic, so I wonder, Minister—and I appreciate this is in your portfolio—whether we can have a statement on how we are going to manage this situation in the much more difficult months when we are needing to import all of our supplies.

Lesley Griffiths AC: Thank you. You will have heard me saying in an earlier answer to Janet Finch-Saunders that we know—we're very aware of a shortage of workers in this area. I do think the situation is most acute in logistics; so, we know we've got a major shortage of heavy goods vehicle drivers, for instance. That's been exacerbated by drivers not being able to take their tests during the pandemic, for instance; we've had workers furloughed and, obviously, I mentioned previously the issue around migrant workers from the EU no longer being able to travel freely and some not choosing to return.
You will have heard me say that I've got a meeting with the supermarkets tomorrow, because that's an area they want to raise with me. So, whilst—. I appreciate what you’re saying about the supermarkets, but they are concerned as well around the lack of HGV drivers, and, once I’ve had further information from them, and once I’ve had the opportunity to have my bilateral with the DEFRA Secretary of State—because, clearly, they hold most of the levers in relation to that—I'll be very happy to do a written statement.

Thank you, Trefnydd.

3. Statement by the Counsel General and Minister for the Constitution: Convention on our Constitutional Future

The next item is the statement by the Counsel General and Minister for the Constitution on a convention on our constitutional future, and I call on the Minister to make his statement—Mick Antoniw.

Mick Antoniw AC: Diolch, Llywydd. In May, we secured a mandate from the Welsh people to deliver our manifesto, committed to creating a stronger, greener and a fairer Wales. In our programme for government we have outlined our plans for tackling the ongoing challenges presented by the pandemic, our departure from the European Union, and the climate change emergency. Our immediate priority is recovery, and, to that end, supporting our health service, our schools and our economy—all so essential for the well-being of our people.
What is also clear from the election result is the support for our manifesto for change and an acknowledgment of the need to reform and improve our constitutional relationship with the UK Government and the other nations of the UK. So, let’s be clear from the outset: reform is needed to enable us to deliver our commitments to support our public services, develop a prosperous economy, and tackle poverty and inequality to their fullest. To deliver policies that make a difference to the lives of people in Wales, we must have a comprehensive set of tools to do the job.
The last few years have exposed the deficiencies of our current settlement, as well as increasing tensions in the wider constitutional landscape of the United Kingdom. We have consistently iterated our support for a union and for a union that must change. We continue to lead the debate in Wales and doing so with practical proposals for positive change, most recently in the second edition of ‘Reforming our Union: Shared Governance in the UK’.
Llywydd, in our manifesto we promised to establish a commission to consider the constitutional future of Wales, and today I want to set out how we intend to deliver on that promise. Given the direct impact our governance arrangements have on the people's lives we want to see the commission leading engagement with the public to raise awareness and to help build a wider public consensus. We want the commission to ascertain people's views on those issues that are most important to them in the way the constitution operates and the implications for the services that they value. And we want the commission to build a consensus with civic society on how we reform the constitution of the United Kingdom to build a stronger Wales and a stronger but fairer and more equal partnership.
The commission will be inclusive and it will reach beyond Wales to other nations, regions and communities of the United Kingdom to consider how we can build a better constitutional partnership. We expect the commission to be outward facing and to engage with civic society and the public as widely as possible, for a genuinely national conversation about the future of Wales. In particular we want the commission to reach out to those who might otherwise not come forward to participate in such a debate, to those people and communities who are largely disengaged from politics, or rather who have become sceptical about its relevance to their lives and to that of their families and its ability to make a difference.
We will establish a commission of citizens. They will be people who will represent the diversity of our society and communities, and it will include those with the skills and abilities that come from real-life experiences enabling them to reach out and engage. Their task will be to seek to identify and build consensus about our values and the sort of Wales that we want to be.
We will encourage the commission to think about how its work can support the seven well-being goals, as set out in the well-being of future generations Act, and to operate in a way that is consistent with the five ways of working the Act sets out.
We will encourage the commission to identify and learn from the best examples of citizen engagement and to be innovative in the way in which it approaches its task. It must be a people’s commission, engaged in a people’s conversation, with genuine grass-roots engagement, and how we achieve that will be our biggest challenge. We will need to develop a new language of engagement,one that avoids the languageof politics and constitutions that we are so used to, a language that talks about the things that are directly relevant to people's lives. But to do this, we know that the work of the commission must be informed by robust evidence and analysis.
In addition to a traditional call for evidence and engagement with academics, we also intend to establish a panel of experts alongside the commission. They will undertake research and analysis from which the commission can develop ideas and recommendations. We envisage the panel comprising of established expertise from within and outside Wales. They will provide the expertise and the hard data and information, which, we hope, will free up more of the commissioners' time to focus on the big conversation we want to initiate.
Key to ensuring the commission's success will be its composition. It must be capable and independent. It must be as representative as possible of the society with which it will engage. This will include representation from a breadth of political and civic backgrounds. It must also be able to demonstrate expertise, and its members must represent all ages and be drawn from the widest possible range of sectors in civic society: public, private, third sector, civic and grass-roots organisations and social partners.
The role of the chair or co-chairs will be key and will need to provide leadership in its outward-facing role as well as building a consensus within the commission. Over the summer, we will be considering the issues in further detail and discussing the commission further with all the parties represented in the Senedd, and I intend to update you further in the autumn at the earliest opportunity. Diolch, Llywydd.

Darren Millar AC: Can I say that I welcome the fact that you've made this statement to the Chamber today rather than to the media first? I think that some of your colleagues have a lot to learn from you, Minister.
As we've said in the past, we don't believe that there's a public appetite for this to be a priority at the moment, but we accept that the Welsh Government has different views, and that's why you've brought this particular statement forward. We do think that all of the energy of the Welsh Government should be focused on other priorities, such as getting to grips with the economic recovery, making sure that our NHS is able to cope with the backlog that it now has as a result of the pandemic, and, indeed, helping our schools and education system to recover from COVID as well. But, given that you've made this statement, I would just ask a number of questions today about it. First of all, you've said that
'from the outset: reform is needed to enable us to deliver our commitments to support our public services, develop a prosperous economy, and tackle poverty and inequality',
yet the reality is that the reason that we haven't tackled poverty, the reason that our economy isn't more prosperous, the reason that our public services aren't as good as they ought to be, is nothing to do with this Senedd not having the powers that it needs; it's because we have a failing Welsh Labour Government that's failed to address these particular issues over the decades.
Now, you've talked about the importance of this commission going forward. Can you give us a timetable by which you expect its work to be completed? You made a long list of individual organisations and other stakeholders that you want to participate in the commission. How big is this thing going to be? How much is it going to cost? Are these positions going to be paid positions? You know, how long is a piece of string? I do think that if you have a significant size to the commission, then it is going to potentially be far too large, far too unwieldy to be able to deliver any reasonable outcomes.
You've mentioned having a chair or possibly co-chairs. I don't know what the arrangements are that you might envisage co-chairs being able to look at the work and co-ordinate the work of this particular commission, but is that a chair and co-chair for both the expert panel and the commission? You've said you want a commission that has expertise, and yet you're setting up an expert panel alongside it. Will that be competing with it in terms of the expertise that you expect this commission to have? What do you think the output of this commission is going to be? I'm assuming you're looking for a list of recommendations for the Government to consider, or is that for this Senedd to consider as a whole?
Will this commission, importantly, not just look at the constitutional arrangements across the whole of the UK, but will it look at the devolution and constitutional arrangements in Wales? Will it look at the clamour in our local authorities and our regions of Wales for more responsibilities to be devolved to them—to north Wales, to west Wales, to Swansea and the Swansea city area, as Mike Hedges reminds us on a regular basis? I do think that these are things that the commission should not be fettered looking at, and I do think that there is an appetite for those things to be considered, and, indeed, if they are, I think that would be a very useful conversation for us to be having.
What sort of questions are you asking the commission to consider? You must have an idea of these already. You've obviously already set out the Welsh Government's stall in your 'Reforming our Union' paper. Is this commission simply going to look at your paper and determine whether those things are sensible or not, or will it really have the free range that I believe any commission needs to be able to have if it's going to be able to do something useful that cannot be done in other ways?
I'll stop there because I've asked many, many questions, Llywydd. But I do welcome the fact that you've made a commitment also to engaging with all political parties on this, and we look forward to being able to contribute in a meaningful way to the development of the commission and the important work that you want it to do going forward.

Mick Antoniw AC: Well, can I thank Darren Millar for the very positive and the very constructive statement he's made, and a lot of very valid questions that have been asked? The issue of reform and the delivery of services, which is an issue that frequently gets raised within this Chamber, is one where I think it is well recognised now that there are levers that we just don't have in order to actually fulfil some of the policies that we are actually elected upon. We've argued for a long time, for example, in justice areas—a whole range of areas that are within our responsibility where, for example, key levers just aren't with us. We look at the areas of youth justice, of probation and family. Those things would just so naturally fall within one umbrella where some of the levers are with us, but some of the key ones aren't. And there is a logic to further progress within those areas.
We've also looked at the area of the police on many occasions, and, of course, not only do we make a substantial financial contribution towards the cost of the police, and in addition towards community support officers—who, let us not forget, came in because of the reductions in police numbers, so we had to take that step—but when you discuss things like community safety and you realise that you don't have some of the key levers to engage with the police and in terms of the planning and the direction of community policing, then clearly there are real issues in terms of those particular levers.
There are also key levers in respect of funding that have an impact. We have lost substantial amounts of money in funding by virtue of our leaving the European Union, and that money not being replaced and coming back to this place, where it would fund a comprehensive programme of implementation in terms of our public policy objectives. So, clearly there are issues there that are very important, and are among some of the many issues that would be the substance of what we would want to see the commission discussing.
In terms of the timescale, I have delivered several lectures so far to talk about the general concept of the commission, and it seems to me that one of the objectives of the commission would be to try and complete work within about 18 to 24 months, but also to make a recommendation in terms of the establishment of a longer standing constitutional commission. Because, really, if they're going to come forward with a series of important recommendations and proposals, if they're able to build a consensus around key areas that could make governance within Wales better, then we need to have those carried through beyond that period of time. But the sort of citizens' commission that we're talking about at the moment would not be that particular body.
And, in terms of co-chairs, well, whether it's a chair and a vice-chair to support, or co-chairs, those are options that are there to consider how the responsibility of leading such a commission might be shared, how it might be shared with better gender balance and so on.
In terms of the issue of governance and devolution within Wales itself, I think one of the things it would want to look at certainly would be governance, not just in terms of this place, but in terms of local government, the decentralisation of policy, how governance might be better, brought closer to the people, more effective and so on. So, I think all those issues are issues I raised not so long ago within questions when I was asked about this as well.
And, in terms of an expert panel, well, of course, in considering options, it is necessary also to look at the hard data to actually form a proper evaluation to test and to probe some of the ideas that may be coming forward, some of the things that people might suggest. So, I think that is important.
In terms of the actual terms of reference, those are things I think that when we're able to identify a chair and vice-chair or co-chairs, and begin work in terms of drawing up a list of people that might be appropriate for the commission, that we will want to engage with those people in order to identify and develop what would be the sorts of terms of reference and what would be the mechanisms whereby the commission could go forward. So, as I said, the biggest challenge is going to be how we actually develop an engagement programme and how we actually put together a commission that is as diverse and representative as possible.
The Member asked what size; the size isn't absolutely fixed. I suspect it's going to be a commission of around nine to 11 people, so there are going to be obviously difficult choices. That is not an absolute, but that would seem to me to be the sort of operational structure that we would want to see established.
In terms of the conversation itself, well, you can't go out to the people of Wales and say, 'We're going to have a conversation about the future of Wales, the governance of Wales, the values of Wales' and to try and predetermine the parameters within which that can take place—that is in terms of excluding views that people would want to make. Because if you engage with people, they will come up with a whole variety of views, maybe things we've never thought of, but it is important that it is inclusive and that it is an open conversation, that it is a genuine conversation as well.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Thank you, Counsel General, for your statement, and I thank Mr Millar also for the acknowledgement that his party will be willing to collaborate with this convention. Now, Counsel General, as a fellow lawyer, I welcome this convention and the opportunity to discuss constitutional issues, but this shouldn't just be for legal nerds. It needs, as you said, to include all of the people of Wales, from different backgrounds and cultures. I agree with that, and that might be the biggest problem for you. It's not just the job of one party or faction to create the new and radical Wales that we need.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Rather, it should be the work of the entire nation, including the Tories, all of its people, all of its perspectives, working together. A convention can start the work of creating a truly new Welsh democracy, something we really need. It can't be another talking shop for the old guard to maintain the status quo.
Independence, therefore, has to be part of the mix of options considered. The increase in the support for independence cannot be brushed aside as being rejected by simplistic comments that it was rejected at the ballot box. It wasn't, and in any event, as you mention, Counsel General, there was a substantial endorsement for further powers from Westminster to Wales in the election, whatever some on the Conservative chairs might claim.
Plaid Cymru, in the past, has called for a citizens' assembly to establish, to discuss constitutional matters and also the climate emergency. I'm glad that your statement mentions that you're going to look at that and look at other, previous experiences. There have been some fantastic examples of good citizens' assemblies. Experiences in Ireland have demonstrated that they've been able to discuss historic, complex matters in a way that creates a shared understanding and common ground. And the Member for Blaenau Gwent will be pleased that I mention the example of the climate assembly there in Blaenau Gwent: a successful citizens' assembly organised by the Electoral Reform Society as a way to build consensus on how we can improve Welsh society for a way forward with regard to the climate emergency. Learning from such examples, foreign examples and also examples here in Wales, is crucial as we begin our next step in the devolution journey: a thoughtful and hopeful discussion with the people of Wales about the future of our nation.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Because the devolved settlement, as it stands, is unsustainable. It is subject to the whims of the Westminster Government. We are not sovereign; it's the Westminster Government that still says that it's sovereign. The sovereignty should rest here with the people of Wales. The power grab by the Boris Johnson Government is a real concern for many of us across the political parties.The TUC recentlysaid that they would have a commission to look at more powers for Wales because they are greatly concerned about the power grab from the Westminster Government, undermining the rights of workers here in Wales.
We know, don't we, what the Tories' plan is, although I hope that the Tories here in Cardiff will stand up and will be different to the Tories in London. Mr Millar says that we should focus on constitutional issues, but this is from a party in London that is placing a union flag over eight floors in the middle of Cardiff, and a party that criticises the Welsh Government for encouraging its workers to learn to say 'Good morning' in Welsh and how to say 'Llanelli' correctly. We know what the Government in Westminster is trying to do; that's why we need a strong convention here in Wales to strengthen our devolved settlement.
A few questions from me quickly. How are you going to ensure that you have that very broad range of people, which includes businesses, trade unions and members of the faith community? For me, that was the great failure of the commissions of the past; they weren't representative of the people of Wales.

Rhys ab Owen AS: Considering again past commissions, a huge difference with this convention is the broad remit. The Thomas commission was very broad, but it was to look at the justice system. The Richard commission was to look at reform here. The task is so vast, and that can be an issue. What do you want from this convention?

Rhys ab Owen AS: How are you going to be able to ensure that, when things move quickly, the convention remains relevant?
And finally, I've raised this point about the fact that independence needs to be a part of the question. How much support have you had from your party in London and from the Westminster Government for this convention?

Rhys ab Owen AS: There are several questions to answer. I look forward to working with you over the summer months, and other parties, to create a convention that can build a better Wales, a greener Wales, a fairer Wales and a more prosperous Wales. Diolch yn fawr.

Mick Antoniw AC: I thank the Member for his comments. He's absolutely right that those of us with legal backgrounds like to indulge in the minutiae of constitutions and legal niceties. Important as they are within the operation of a parliament, and particularly a legislature, the crux to change, and the crux to determining the sort of change that we could envisage for Wales, how we might govern better and differently, has to be something that belongs to the people of Wales. It has to be owned by the people of Wales, and it means the language has to be a language that relates to the lives of people, otherwise I don't think they will engage.
I've said previously that I think, when we look at governance, that we have democracy in crisis, where so many people are disengaged from political processes or have so little confidence in it, as we see from the turnouts in elections. I think the points you make are absolutely right in terms of how we construct a framework, a terms of reference, that is sufficiently wide to raise the breadth of debates for people to engage, to participate, to consider all options, but yet, nevertheless, has a focus on a number of key points. What sort of Wales do you want to see? What should Wales's future be? What are our values? What should our future relationships be? That may be in terms of a whole variety of consequences. What should our relationship be with the UK Government, with other countries around us? I think all those are very complex issues that need to be put together. And it is a difficult task of work. As I've said, it is one of the big challenges, to put that together, because this convention, this commission, has to be something that is really different. It's a stepping stone to the future for Wales.
You raise, quite rightly, the issue of examples elsewhere, because we are not alone. Many other countries face these similar challenges in terms of their society, their democracy, their governance. You mentioned Scotland; Scotland are very interested in the publication imminently of their long-standing report from their Scottish citizens' assembly, which was funded and supported by the Scottish Government over the last two years. I think there may well be lessons there. There are certainly lessons from some of the processes in Ireland and Finland, and I'm sure in many other parts of the world. It's very interesting to see developments in Catalonia, in Spain, where they're actually moving towards a system where they are now talking about doing that, with a view to having an engagement with people as to what the people in Catalonia actually want, with a view to, undoubtedly, a referendum there. But the fact is that people are starting to say that you have to have a consensus of people, you have to have support of people to make really radical and long-standing change.
You referred to the Wales TUC commission; I think that is a really positive step, and I think it shows very effective and dynamic leadership, that they are looking at all those issues, so many of which have arisen during COVID. Isn't it in many ways bizarre that one of the reservations in our devolution settlement is equal opportunities, when so much of our work is about equality and equal opportunities? On the dilemma in terms of the perception around the UK, you mentioned the example of the flags, and I don't want to reiterate that debate. But it seems to me that the message is this: you have buildings—say, tax buildings, HMRC—which are down as 'UK Government in Wales' or 'UK Government in Scotland', but in England they're just 'HMRC'. Why are they not 'UK Government in England'? I think that sends a particular message, which identifies part of that particular problem.
How to build up the commission and make it representative? I'm not quite sure that I should use a footballing analogy, but I think it's actually trying to work out how to build up the squad that you want, and what's the size of the team you want out of that, and to picking. I think the diversity of the squad is probably going to be appropriate, and obviously we may well want to look for a few Gareth Bales within the civic engagement process.
In terms of remaining relevant and the purpose for the future, I'm very clear, I think, in my mind now that there has to be a further stage, which is that, when it does produce recommendations, when it does produce a report, when we can see the conclusions of the important work that it will do, it should consider also the recommendations as to how these can be taken forward—how you might establish, perhaps, a standing commission that would actually carry these recommendations through, so they're not something that are just an 18 to 24-month process and then forgotten about, and then we go on again a couple of years and try and repeat the same thing. This has got to be a process that leads to, ultimately, a conclusion. As I said, I think change is inevitable, and I think these are the mechanisms by which we can build a consensus for that change, and to make change happen.

Mike Hedges AC: I welcome the setting up of a constitutional commission. Up until now, only Plaid Cymru, with independence, and abolish supporters have been consistent and have had an end point. Despite that, the majority of the Welsh people, in every opinion poll we've seen, want devolution either as we've got it now, or extended. I welcome the co-chair suggestion. Can I just remind the Minister that somebody who's been educated at Oxford, who's public school educated and a barrister—whether they are male or female, or if there's one of each, it does not give you diversity; it gives you exactly the same background.
We need to discuss where devolution ends. I have three questions. What discussion has taken place with the English regional mayors? Because I cannot see devolution working with England being between five and six times the size of the other three put together. Following on from Darren Millar's point, devolution has always been about taking things into Cardiff, either from local authorities or from Westminster; can we have some discussion on what ought to be devolved to the Welsh regions and to the Welsh local authorities, so we can have some movement in the other direction? And I ask again a question that I've previously asked to the First Minister: can you produce a list of items, such as currency, defence, national security, that should not be devolved—the end point? Otherwise, we have only two possible end points: independence or abolish.

Mick Antoniw AC: I thank Mike for those comments. They are very pertinent comments. He's absolutely right; people clearly do, when you ask them about devolution, want decision-making processes as close to them as possible and to know that they can have the opportunity to influence those.
Can I say that I do agree also that how we reach out and we build engagement with others in various forms of devolved government, whether it be the regional mayors, whether it be the other nations of the UK, is equally important? It's building up alliances—building up and recognising common interests. I think one of the weaknesses to constitutional reform within the UK is that there hasn't been any civic hegemony around the fact that there is a need for change, and that everyone has a common interest in it. This isn't just about Wales. Obviously, we are here to look at the future of Wales, to have a commission to look at that, but this is equally as important, in terms of the democracy and civic engagement, within England as well. Our harmony, our engagement with England and with the other nations of the UK is as important to us as many other matters.
In terms of governance, and the issue that he raises of further decentralisation of power, that is something that I've always supported, but when I said that it would be looking at governance within Wales, that has to include how governance can be better, and how governance might need to be closer to people. We often use this quote, don't we, that Nye Bevan said:
'The purpose of getting power is to be able to give it away.'
Others talked about the withering away of the state over many years, but all these come back to one thing: how do you give greater empowerment to people as close to people as possible?
That brings us on to the other point that Mike raised, which is directly relevant, and that is also recognising our interdependencies. I think, no matter what position you take, whether it be unionism, whether it be federalism, confederalism, independence or whatever version, they still all bring you back ultimately to how you engage with your neighbours, and what level of interdependency you have on issues, whether it be finance, whether it be currency or whatever, but what the mechanism should be to enable that to happen fairly within all the participants. And that seems to me the crux of that issue, so I agree with you on that very much.

Hefin David AC: I fully support the Counsel General's approach to this. I think it's bold, and it is Wales leading the way. We can't have asked for more than that. But I also feel some disappointment in that this is a longer term plan, which relies on the agreement of others, whereas right within the Welsh Government's grasp is a chance to produce 'A Parliament that Works for Wales'. That work's already been done, and the Minister hasn't made any statement about that in what he said. Therefore, can we please see some movement on that? It will take a political party to lead the way. Why can't it be Welsh Labour?

Mick Antoniw AC: Thank you for the question. I have to say, I wasn't quite sure what the question was within that. I was grateful for the comments you made about Wales leading the way, and I think you were mentioning the issue of Senedd reform as well, which is an issue, obviously, that's going to be considering how a Parliament for Wales actually works, how it can work better, and all the issues around that. What I would say is this: over the course of the summer, I will be seeking to engage with Members, and with political parties, and many others outside, to actually seek views as we start trying to put together a terms of reference as to what should be the sort of framework that we want to lead. There is a conflict; on the one hand you want to create an independent commission, but equally so you want it to be able to work effectively within a framework, and that the experts that you put together are capable of giving it the sort of support and backing that it needs in those particular areas. I hope that answers—. I don't know if I missed part of the question. If not, I'll certainly address any other issues in writing to you.

Alun Davies AC: Before coming to a question, with your permission, Llywydd, I would like to say a few words about Elystan Morgan. We lost Elystan during last week, and, of course, he was a giant of the Labour Party and the Labour movement, but also of Welsh politics. One thing was consistent throughout Elystan's life was his belief in our democracy and the right for Wales to govern itself. I well remember him talking in a Labour conference, some years ago, about how that is progressing, and how we are moving forward with devolution. I remember his saying that dominion status for Wales was desirable, and he talked about the Statute of Westminster. Some people have heard me mention this in this Chamber. I think it's important that we do bring people together, and one of the things that Elystan could do, of course, was to bring people together. I very much hope that he would have welcomed this statement from the Minister today.
I would like to ask you, Minister, as you proceed with this work—and I welcome it and I welcome the comments made by Darren Millar, too, because if we are to create a new and different Wales, a Wales for the future, then it has to be a Wales for everyone, for each and every one of us, wherever we live and whichever part of the Chamber we choose to sit in. And I very much hope, Minister, that you, through your work, can create the kind of Wales that we all want to see, which will give a voice to each and every one of us to express the kind of Wales we want to see for the future, but also a Wales that is part of us all—and I am coming to a question, Llywydd.
I tend to think that devolution is dead. The time of devolution is over. It was over last year when the UK Government decided to ignore the wishes of this Senedd, so we have to move forward and we have to create a new democracy. And I very much hope we can ensure that when we do that, we do discuss the roles of our regions in Wales, the role of the whole of Wales, and the role of our neighbours across Offa's Dyke. Because if we are to succeed through your work, Minister, then each and every one of us has to feel comfortable with the direction of travel.

Mick Antoniw AC: Well, thank you for those comments. And, of course, it's not through my work, it's going to be through our and many other people's work that success will be achieved. Just commenting on Elystan Morgan, I had the great honour of actually working with Elystan Morgan for quite a number of months during the build-up to the 1979 devolution referendum, along with others. And he was one of a great generation of Welsh politicians: Cledwyn Hughes, Jim Griffiths, John Morris—Elystan Morgan is within that grouping, and there are many others as well. But Elystan, certainly during that campaign, showed not only his incredible oratorical skills, but his ability to win people's hearts and minds to an idea. Unfortunately, as we know, with the referendum, the 1979 referendum was not really about devolution for Wales, it was really about the tail-end of the Labour Government at that particular moment in time. It was probably the worst time to ever have a referendum. But I think it's important that we recognise and remember that legacy. And I had the opportunity to talk with him when he came to the Labour Party conference a few years back, and his mind was still as acute and sharp and as focused on these issues and about the future of Wales. He was certainly a great Welsh patriot, certainly a very committed socialist, and just a wonderful person in whose company you could actually be. So, rest in peace, Elystan.
In terms of the other comments you made, a Wales for everyone, that is really what this is ultimately about. It's a Wales for everyone, but it's one where we build the consensus for everyone. And I say 'consensus' because, when we take certain terminology out of our conversations, we actually have such an enormous area of common agreement, and it's turning that common agreement into a process of change. And that is going to be part of the real challenge of what this task is about. I don't underestimate the difficulties and the pitfalls that exist, because I think we are doing something that is radically very different, and of course the challenges are there. There is no guide book to how you do this sort of engagement process. We look to other countries, other examples, but at the end of the day, it's in our hands to make it work.
You made—. The final point, really, where you said devolution is dead, I think what has happened is that devolution originally was a process of decentralisation of administered powers and responsibilities from Westminster. The moment Scotland and Wales became legislatures and the moment this place became a legislative parliament, sovereignty shifted to the people. Unfortunately, the problem at the moment is our constitution as it exists in practice has not yet caught up with the reality of what sovereignty is really about, and that is the power of people being exercised through their elected representatives.

And finally, Huw Irranca-Davies.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: Diolch, Llywydd. Constitutional matters matter. Back in 2015 in Westminster, we marked with a series of events the eight-hundredth year since the Magna Carta. Many people regarded the Magna Carta as the defining moment constitutionally and legally of Great Britain, the United Kingdom and of many other countries. Actually, many others said it was only the starting point. Of course, the monarch reneged on that within weeks if not days of that agreement and of course subsequently it was followed by events such as the Tolpuddle martyrs; many centuries later there was the Chartist movement, acts of suffrage and so on.
The point is, constitutional matters matter, and they move along as well in response to fitting the constitution to the needs of the people that it serves during the day, and actually this statement you've brought forward shows that very clearly. But it is exceptionally ambitious, because it looks to produce a citizens' conversation, a people's commission engaged in a people's conversation. That is quite an undertaking; it is different from what has happened before. So, all I would ask the Counsel General and Minister to do is by the end of this summer—as he's indicated, he's posited the questions today, the how, the when, the why—but actually, by the end of the summer, I would ask him to come back and scope that out; how we're going to do this, where is the expert support that will do this unusual departure, and quite brave and radical departure, and make it focused around the citizens—and not the elite and not the politicians—and to set out the milestones as well, over which this period of work will be done and what he might anticipate this will produce. But it's a good tradition that he's in, and we would be strange politicians, frankly, if we came here and we didn't agonise over whether the constitution today of Wales and the UK fitted with the needs of the citizens we're sent here to serve. It's a good mission to be on.

Mick Antoniw AC: Thank you for those comments and for those sentiments, and it's always a pleasure to hear someone quoting about the Magna Carta and about sovereignty and the origins of sovereignty. I notice where the Llywydd sits, there is the mace, the symbol of sovereignty. Of course, the mace was a weapon, which shows, I suppose, the origins of where sovereignty originally emerged from: who had the largest mace. But we won't go there. The point you make in terms of how, when and why: those really are the challenges. And listen, I'd be a fool if I were to say, 'I have at this moment in time all the answers, the complete picture as to exactly how this will work.' There is a lot of deep thought going on on this; there's going to be a lot of engagement and again with yourselves here, and I certainly agree, by the end of summer or by the time we return to this place, you will expect me to be able to deliver a picture that delivers on all those principles and commitments that I've identified today, and quite rightly so.

I thank the Minister.

And I'll have to remember that—that the mace is a weapon. It may come in useful at some point. [Laughter.] We'll now take a break for changes to be made in the Chamber.

Plenary was suspended at 15:53.

The Senedd reconvened at 16:02, with the Deputy Presiding Officer (David Rees) in the Chair.

4. Statement by the Minister for Education and Welsh Language: Cymraeg 2050

The next item on our agenda is a statement by the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language: Cymraeg 2050. And I call on the Minister for Education and Welsh Language, Jeremy Miles.

Jeremy Miles AC: Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I'm pleased to have an opportunity today to update the Senedd on the next steps that the Welsh Government will take to implement the Cymraeg 2050 strategy. The journey to 1 million speakers and to double the daily use of Welsh by 2050 has captured the imagination of people across Wales since the last Government made its announcement back in 2017. I'm very delighted to have been appointed Minister for the Welsh language and to have the opportunity to lead the next stages of the strategy.
The strategy itself, and the five-year work programme that I am publishing today, is key to our work to meet the well-being goal of a thriving Welsh language. We are living in challenging times and I am aware that we need to turn goodwill towards the Welsh language into action that is robust and rapid. The commitment to do this runs through the programme. Our vision is outward-looking and inclusive. We want to create bilingual citizens who are confident to use the Welsh that they already possess. In a nutshell, we want everyone in Wales to feel that the language belongs to us all.
Of course, our response to the pandemic and its impact on the use of Welsh language is central to the work programme, and the main elements of Cymraeg 2050 are clear and they continue. With a strategy that extends over such a long term, we knew that changes in society could mean that we would need to adjust our priorities over time. Of course, that had to be done sooner than expected, and the work programme reflects this.
Today, we are also publishing our response to a recent report about the impact of COVID-19 on Welsh language community groups. We are increasing our focus on community development and ensuring that our work helps people to help themselves and their communities to use the Welsh language.
Planning well and strategically is central to our vision. This is what we will do: we will plan carefully to increase the number of children and adults learning Welsh, and we will increase the opportunities available for us to use Welsh with each other, in geographical or virtual communities, workplaces or social spaces.
The 58 areas of action in the programme show how wide-ranging the work is and how many opportunities we have to make a difference. I'm grateful to our partners for the commitment that they have shown. The pandemic has been a difficult time, but I look forward to rebuilding and collaborating further.
The results of the 2021 census and the language use survey for 2019-20 will be published during this Senedd. It's important to note, therefore, that this is a flexible work programme, and I stand ready to review and develop it in light of the census, together with the evidence that we continuously collect.
The work programme builds on the commitments in our programme for government, and embeds its ethos of a Wales that is stronger, greener and fairer into the general commitments: stronger as a confident bilingual country with a unique identity; greener, in growing the green economy and creating good jobs, closer to home, in areas where Welsh is the main language; and fairer, through the work we do to plan, legislate and invest to expand Welsh-medium education, so that all children from all backgrounds have access to Welsh in all parts of Wales.
Therefore, it's my pleasure to present this ambitious work programme for the new Senedd term. I look forward to working with my ministerial colleagues and across government in Wales to implement all of this programme. The next decade will be crucial in terms of language policy, and we must all come together—politicians, local authorities, and society as a whole. The Welsh language belongs to us all; so does the responsibility to implement policies in its favour.

Conservative spokesperson, Samuel Kurtz.

Samuel Kurtz MS: Thank you, Deputy Llywydd. I'll start by thanking the Minister for an advance copy of today's statement.
I welcome the work that Government is doing to safeguard and develop the Welsh language for the next generation. As one who was brought up in rural Pembrokeshire, educated in a bilingual school, and who considers themselves a first-language Welsh speaker who is a little rusty, I am determined that communicating through the medium of Welsh and using the Welsh language in daily life is a pleasure that everyone should be able to enjoy. But for too long there's been a mindset of 'us and them' in terms of the Welsh language: those who are fluent and those who are learners. People need to feel comfortable in speaking Welsh, whatever their level, not worrying about the odd mistake here and there. Minister, I know that you share my view that we shouldn't be critical of how much or the level of the Welsh language used by individuals, but it's also important that the population joins in the journey to understand the benefits that the language can bring to our lives.
I welcome the ambitious target set by Government for 2050. There is recognition that not only the current Government, but future Governments too, will be responsible for ensuring that this target is delivered. So, what key performance indicators exist in order to ensure the Welsh Government doesn't take its eye off the ball, and how will future Ministers ensure that the policy is effective?
Also, given the news in the statement that the Welsh Government intends to ensure that all posts within the Welsh Government for the future will require some level of Welsh language—to understand the Welsh language—can the Minister explain this point and what he means in terms of an ability to understand the Welsh language? Is there an expectation that all Welsh Government staff in the future will be bilingual? And if this is the case, what assurance can the Minister give us that this announcement will not be an employment barrier for individuals?
And finally, Minister, I'd like to draw your attention to your proposal to encourage young Welsh speakers to return from our universities to help to teach Welsh in our schools. Whilst the focuswill be on employing Welsh-speaking teachers, the door will be closed to teachers from outwith Wales. We will lose access to many teachers from various backgrounds who have very different experiences to offer. So, how does the Welsh Government intend to ensure that anyone who wishes to teach in Wales but doesn't have the language skills can find employment as a teacher in Wales? Thank you.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank the spokesperson for his comments. I agree entirely that we don't want a culture to develop in terms of 'us and them'. The Welsh language belongs to everyone. Many people in Wales can speak some Welsh and many more are willing to learn more Welsh every day and to use that every day in a phased approach, and that's how we will succeed. I wish everyone well on that journey—a journey that we've all been on at some stage of our lives.
In terms of the key performance indicators, we have various KPIs in place already in terms of, for example, the number of people in Welsh-medium education. One of the new indicators in this programme is that we ensure that there is a new milestone in terms of the number of year 1 children in Welsh-medium education, for example. So, the current target is 30 per cent by 2031 and, in this work programme, we are proposing a new milestone of 26 per cent by the end of this Senedd in order to ensure that we have targets in the short term as well as the long term. So, there are various interventions in the work programme where there will be more policy work and programmes are already in place for some of those, and the KPIs will be tied to those, so there will be an opportunity for everyone to hold the Government to account for what we talk about in this document.
In terms of the question on recruitment in terms of the civil servants within the Welsh Government, it's a question for the Permanent Secretary. But what I would say is that that's a very good example of the idea that the Welsh language belongs to everyone. That is, the proposal is that people can learn new skills as they join the Welsh Government and learn to speak a little Welsh over a period of time, and I think that that's very inclusive—it doesn't create an idea of 'us and them', it pulls people together and acknowledges that the Welsh language is an asset and has a common value for us all in Wales. I think that anyone would welcome the opportunity to learn new skills in undertaking a new job, and that's what's at the core of this policy.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Siân Gwenllian.

Siân Gwenllian AC: Thank you very much, Deputy Llywydd. I'm grateful to you for bringing a statement forward early in the new Government's term on the target of creating a million Welsh speakers. You know that you have my support in this ambition, and I know that you're entirely sincere in your ambition, but I do need to be convinced that the necessary gear shift is actually happening. Your predecessor told me in the previous Senedd that the new Government—and I quote her exact words; this is what she said—will have to go much further than we have gone to date. So, can you give us some practical examples and specific examples as to what extent this action plan or work programme represents that gear change that your party recognised was needed in order to reach the million Welsh speakers?
In terms of the content of the programme itself, I am concerned that some of the language does suggest continuity rather than change and that it is not specific enough—you're 'updating' targets on teachers; you're 'considering' the impact of standards; you're 'developing' guidance; you're 'continuing' to add to the evidence base on the Welsh language and language planning; and you're 'working' to safeguard Welsh place names.
Now, in turning to the detail, I do welcome the commitment from your Government to introduce a Welsh-medium education Bill. Plaid Cymru has long argued that we need a statutory mechanism to drive the efforts to significantly develop Welsh-medium education, recognising the key role of the education sector in delivering the million. I would like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to Gareth Pierce, the former chief executive of the Welsh Joint Education Committee, who died very recently, who did so much for Welsh-medium education, and Gareth was the author of this discussion paper that I published back in the summer of 2019, which did move the discussion forward to look at the beginnings of a Welsh language education Act, and passing that ambitious legislation would be a particular tribute to Gareth Pierce and his work over many years. So, can you give us some idea of the timetable for the publication of the Bill and the timetable for taking such a Bill through the Senedd?
You note that you will consider the impact of Welsh language standards on language use when making decisions on preparing further regulations. The evidence does demonstrate that standards have had a positive impact on individuals and organisations in those areas where they have been introduced. It's now time to see a timetable published for the extension of standards into other areas, so I'm disappointed with this approach.
Can you confirm the timetable and the remit for considering the impact of standards? What will be the impact of the delay that there has been in terms of the regulations that have already been consulted upon, which are the health regulators and the water companies? We need to recognise the important contribution of standards to the strategy and get clarity as we move forward with implementation in new areas.
Finally, you refer to the establishment of a commission to strengthen the Welsh language as a community language. Can you tell us more about this commission? Will it be some sort of task and finish group, because we certainly don't want another talking shop? If it's not a body or a task and finish group, will it be some sort of development body, with powers to regenerate Welsh language communities and to bring jobs to the west of Wales?
As a step towards the creation of a purpose-built body of that kind, which is what Plaid Cymru believes is necessary, can you give us an update on the Arfor plan, and specifically on funding for the continuation of that important programme? Thank you.

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Siân Gwenllian for welcoming the work programme. This is a change of gear. Every Senedd is a new opportunity to look again at what we've already delivered and also what's in front of us, and an opportunity for us to set new targets and new priorities in the wake of our experience. It's a good thing and it's an inevitable thing. So, we have further targets in this document, in terms of mudiadau meithrin, for example, but we beat those targets in the last Senedd, by the way, in terms of the numbers of mudiadau meithrin, so we have a good basis to build on there.
We have new issues that deal with the geographical challenges, in terms of western and northern communities specifically; extending the role of the Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol; the further work on the National Centre for Learning Welsh; and guaranteeing access to language learning between 16 and 25, free of charge. So, there are new steps being taken in this strategy, building on the work that was done by my predecessor, Eluned Morgan, at the end of the last Senedd.
Also, you asked about the Welsh-medium education Bill. That's a commitment, and it's very clear in this document. Work is already happening on the scope and content of that Bill, and I'll be happy to update the Senedd further on that in the next term.
In terms of the standards—the Dirprwy Lywydd has asked me to be brief here, so I'm just touching on the questions that you asked. In terms of the standards, it is important to ensure that what we do as a Government does have a positive impact on the use of the Welsh language. That's the main aim: ensuring that everything that we do, and every intervention that we undertake, ensures support for the use of the Welsh language as a living language in our communities. That's my priority, and the standards, like every other intervention, have a role to play in that. But, the yardstick in every case, across everything that we do, is use, and I've had very positive discussions with the commissioner about looking at those two things jointly—standards and their contribution to the use of the language.
And the final question, you mentioned the commission. I'm not talking about creating a body and new infrastructure. This is a group of people who will be able to advise us on the specific challenges, as Dr Simon Brooks, for example, described in his report. One of his recommendations was to establish this kind of commission, and we're very pleased about that and enthusiastic about establishing it and taking it forward.

Hefin David.

Hefin David AC: Was I called then?

Yes, Hefin.

Hefin David AC: I couldn't hear your voice, Dirprwy Lywydd. I've been contacted by a constituent whose son is coming to the end of year eight, and he’s concerned that successive lockdowns have meant his son has fallen significantly behind with his spoken and written Welsh in a Welsh-medium school. He’s contacted the National Centre for Learning Welsh—the NCLW—to ask about extra tuition over the school summer holidays for his son, only to be told it won't be possible as the NCLW's remit, set by the Welsh Government, requires it to teach adults, 18 plus only.

Hefin David AC: Would the Minister consider expanding the remit of NCLW, perhaps simply for this summer, given the exceptional circumstances that exist, in order to allow them to provide support and additional training to those under the age of 18, for example to pupils in Welsh-medium secondary schools from non-Welsh-speaking households?

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Hefin David for that question; it’s an important question. Pupils from non-Welsh-speaking families have faced specific challenges during this recent period and I want to pay tribute to the work of the national centre and for their innovation over the last year, extending what they’ve been able to do online and developing an interesting offer for many people over a very difficult period.
As the Member may know, there has been a review of the work of the national centre and I intend to be in a situation to say more on that over the coming weeks, and so perhaps the question that he has raised today will be relevant in that context.

Luke Fletcher AS: The main objective of the 2050 strategy is to ensure more use of the Welsh language and a significant way of doing that is through education. However, many families in Pencoed are waiting to hear the results of an appeal, to see if their children will be able to Ysgol Bro Ogwr in September. If the appeal fails then these families will have to choose between sending their children further away for Welsh-medium education or choosing English-medium education. The Minister will know, in terms of the school access code, point 3.5 mentions that local authorities have the right to change the number of pupils accepted if there are plans in place to expand the provision of education, as is the case in Ysgol Bro Ogwr. It’s apparent to me that Bridgend council should guarantee a place to the children who’ve been refused a place, and I hope that the Minister will convey that to colleagues in Bridgend county.
But there is a fundamental question here too: where is the fairness here? Why should the children of Pencoed have to travel outside Pencoed to receive Welsh-medium education? Quite simply, areas like Bridgend will continue to miss their targets unless something changes and changes soon.

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, I want to reflect on the point that was raised about the importance of fair access in every part of Wales for pupils who want a Welsh-medium education. That’s certainly the objective of the Welsh Government and that’s certainly the call from us to local government over the next period, in terms of ambitious strategic plans to ensure that we move more quickly towards realising that aim.
In terms of the specific situation that he has raised today, my officials have been in discussions with officials in the council and I’ll be happy to write to the Member on that.

Alun Davies AC: I’d like to welcome the new Minister to post and I’d also like to thank him for the opportunity to have this debate an early stage in this new Senedd. I welcome the tone that the Minister has adopted in his initial remarks.
There are a few things that I would like to say as part of my contribution this afternoon. The first is on the importance of Welsh-speaking communities, communities where the Welsh language is used on a daily basis, and that is crucially important and must be part of the Government’s strategy.
And, secondly, the right of every one of us to learn Welsh. The Minister will know that there is a new Welsh-medium school being opened in Tredegar. When I attended school in Tredegar, I didn’t even have the right to learn the Welsh language in school, so we have seen transformation over recent years, but we must ensure that people do have the ability and confidence to use the Welsh language.
Finally, I’d like to say this: it’s important that when we set that objective of 1 million, it was about using the Welsh language and using the Welsh language on a daily basis. I’ve never been too concerned about standards. We don’t want to see bureaucratic language that exists only in books and policy; we want to see the Welsh language as a language that is used among families at home, and in the pub, when you're watching the football or the rugby. That's where we want to see the Welsh language. And would you—

Can the Member close now, please?

Alun Davies AC: —work with the Football Association of Wales, and others, to ensure that we normalise the use of the Welsh language where we socialise, where we live and where we work?

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Alun Davies for that question, and I also thank him for his work in the last Senedd on this agenda, which is so important to the work that we're proceeding with at the end of the last Senedd term and the start of this term. So, I thank him for his innovative work in this area.
And I want to echo what he said in terms of the importance of language use in our communities. I am also announcing our response to the report on the impact of COVID on the use of the Welsh language in community organisations, and that impact has been very significant. So, we need to support them to work in ways that support them for the future. But the point that he closed on, the importance of Welsh in the workplace, that's a central part of what we're trying to ensure, and that's one of the points of emphasis in this document in terms of supporting the use of the Welsh language.

Sioned Williams MS: The Minister will be aware that the Swansea valley, in his own constituency, is linguistically significant because it includes the highest number and highest percentage of Welsh speakers in Neath Port Talbot—among the highest in the whole of Wales in fact. In relation to the objectives set out by the Minister today in terms of developing Welsh-medium education, safeguarding and developing the Welsh language as a community language, and providing opportunities for the use of the Welsh language outside the classroom, I'd like to ask how the Minister will ensure that local authorities don't take steps that would threaten that, such as the plan by Neath Port Talbot who want to open a new, huge English-medium school in Pontardawe, contrary to the wishes of the communities of the schools that will have to close in order to do that, and also the view of experts such as Heini Gruffudd, Dyfodol i'r Iaith and Rhieni dros Addysg Gymraeg, who say that it will be a detrimental blow to Welsh-medium education and the viability of the language in the valley. And the Minister will be aware that Neath Port Talbot hasn't opened a new single new Welsh-medium primary school since the reorganisation of local government in 1996. So, there is work to be done.
There is no talk either, in the work programme, of building on the Government's significant investment in terms of establishing Welsh language community centres, although those like Tŷ'r Gwrhyd in Pontardawe—and Alun Davies may recall coming to open that centre—have seen great success in expanding the use and procurement of the Welsh language—

Can the Member come to a close now, please?

Sioned Williams MS: —beyond the sphere of education. So, what are the plans in order to support these as part of the work programme? Thank you.

Jeremy Miles AC: Well, of course, I answer in my capacity as education Minister rather than as a local Member for Neath. I can say that Neath Port Talbot's full business case for the proposal of the school in Pontardawe has been postponed at present by the Welsh Government, and officials will meet with the authority next week to discuss their assessment of the impact on the Welsh language in more detail before pressing ahead further. It's important when local authorities consider proposals for planning for schools, for Welsh-medium provision or English-medium provision, that they continue to look at the broader picture. Neath Port Talbot council has noted Pontardawe as a linguistically sensitive area, so all possible steps must be taken by the authority to mitigate any detrimental impact that new proposals could have on the Welsh language.
In terms of impact on organisations and community hubs, the report that I publish today, the focus of that is the impact of COVID on Welsh language community groups and infrastructure specifically, so I would refer the Member to the content of that document.

And finally, Buffy Williams.

Buffy Williams MS: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm really glad to hear that the Minister is serious about reaching 1 million siaradwyr Cymraeg by 2050. Taking camau bach makes a huge difference. Like thousands of people across Wales, I use Duolingo every morning to learn more geiriau. But more important than this, children across Wales speak Welsh in their classrooms every day, like the children in Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda. The Minister knows that I recently visited Ysgol Gyfun Cwm Rhondda to meet with the new headteacher, to discuss the future of the school, and I look forward to meeting with the Minister to further discuss the plans. What steps will the Minister take to encourage more people to dechrau dysgu Cymraeg and encourage more parents to send their children to Welsh language schools?

Jeremy Miles AC: I thank Buffy Williams for that question, and I think that the fact that some of it was in Welsh is fantastic.
In terms of what we're doing to encourage people to learn Welsh, a lot of the work that Mudiad Meithrin do is having a great and positive impact on the numbers attending Welsh-medium schools. So, investing further in that sector is very important. The ambition that we've set for local authorities for provision over the next period is going to contribute to that, but there is also a role for FE and HE and lifelong learning, to ensure that everyone has an opportunity at every part of their lives to access Welsh-medium education and learning Welsh. That's vital, and we're going to continue, as the work programme describes, to support that work over the coming period.

Thank you, Minister.

5. Statement by the Deputy Minister for Climate Change: Trees and Timber

Item 5 is a statement by the Deputy Minister for Climate Change on trees and timber. I call on the Deputy Minister for Climate Change, Lee Waters.

Lee Waters AC: Diolch yn fawr. Let me begin by saying that trees are a good thing. We must protect the trees that we have, and plant 86 million more of them in Wales by the end of this decade, if we are to tackle the climate emergency. We need a step change in woodland creation, and a transformation in the way Welsh wood is used across our economy.
Over the past month, I have led an intensive deep-dive exercise to urgently identify the barriers preventing progress and actions to overcome them. I have been supported by a small taskforce made up of experts in these areas, and I want to thank each of them for the time they have committed, and their desire to drive change. I've also spoken with representatives of many groups with an interest, including farmers, foresters, non-governmental organisations, processors and house builders.
We're accepting the tree planting targets set by the UK Climate Change Committee. To reach net zero, we need to plant 43,000 hectares of new trees by 2030, rising to 180,000 hectares by 2050. To be clear, Dirprwy Llywydd, this will require a 15-fold increase in the number of trees we have planted in Wales this year. It'll only be possible through an alliance for change, involving many partners working together. So, today, I want to issue a call to arms for people to join us in delivering this essential change, and it starts with individuals and communities across Wales. For every newborn baby in Wales, we plant a new tree both in Wales and in Uganda. We've learnt some valuable lessons from our partnership with the people of Mbale that we now need to apply more broadly here.
Let's start with the message we deliver with the Size of Wales charity in Africa: trees are amazing. They save lives by keeping our air clean. Trees improve people's health; there is clear evidence of multiple benefits to our well-being from lower stress and blood pressure when around trees. I wish I was around them more often. Higher levels of physical activity, better mental health, greater levels of neighbourliness, lower crime levels too; trees are essential for tackling our nature emergency, helping improve biodiversity, and, of course, in tackling climate change, both by absorbing carbon, alleviating flooding and displacing carbon-intensive products like concrete in house building. And they can help us create more jobs too. Work has begun on implementing our manifesto commitment to develop a timber industrial strategy and create a stronger wood economy for Wales.
We want every family with a garden to plant more trees, and every school and community group to sign up to the Woodland Trust free tree scheme. We need to make it easier for communities to plant trees, and easier for them to interact with authorities. As a result of the deep-dive exercise, we have agreed that public bodies need to map the land they own and proactively identify where more trees can be planted.
It's vital that we work with, and learn from, the farmers and other landowners in Wales who will need to plant many of these trees. It was clear from our exercise that it's not just more advice we need, it's more engagement we need—genuine engagement; thousands of conversations with every farmer to see what suits their farm, to get them as part of the solution that we need to see. And demonstrate to them that planting trees can exist alongside other farming activities, both from a financial and a social perspective. The current grant regime acts against that, and that needs to change. As well as planting new woodlands, we also need to plant what is described as 'hedges and edges', such as trees along field boundaries, scattered trees, hedges and shelter belts—I've learned some new words, Dirprwy Lywydd, as part of this exercise. It's been a fascinating experience.
There are some excellent examples to learn from, including the Stump Up For Trees project near Abergavenny, which I visited yesterday, a project led by farmers in consensus with communities to plant trees on unproductive land and create new sources of income whilst protecting their communities for the longer term. We need more examples like these, so I am establishing a new working group to urgently consider models to attract investment in woodland creation, crucially, without disrupting existing communities and patterns of landownership. I am worried, Dirprwy Lywydd, by the trend of large areas of farmland being bought up by outside interests in an exercise in greenwash. This does not need to happen, as we've seen from Stump Up For Trees, and I want to take action to make sure that doesn't get out of hand.
Many of the trees currently planted in Wales are funded through our Glastir woodland creation scheme. In the past, funding through this scheme has been too inconsistent and the process for getting funding too complex and slow. I have wondered, at times, how we've managed to plant as many trees as we have, frankly. The taskforce has identified a number of actions to change this. We'll open a new window of the current scheme to ensure all of the £17 million we’ve allocated to tree planting is spent this year, and I have asked NRW to introduce immediate changes to speed up delivery, to lead an overhaul of the guidance we provide around tree planting, and focus instead on outreach to help people get things done and get things right at the start of a project.
From next year, we will introduce an improved scheme to support woodland creation, with stand-alone funding to allow people to plan new woodland so we create a pipeline of projects that are ready to plant when the money becomes available. I want many of the areas supported by these schemes to form part of the national forest, to create a network of high-quality areas of woodland across Wales. We also need to do more to support people to create new woodlands or make improvements to existing woodlands to meet the standards of the national forest. Later this week, we'll open the woodland investment grant to allow people to apply for this support.
Eighty per cent of the timber used in the UK is imported, and only 4 per cent of the 1.5million tonnes of harvested timber is processed to be used as construction-grade timber in Wales. So there's a real opportunity for timber processors and manufacturers in Wales to contribute to this wood economy, creating new jobs in rural Wales as well as building an innovative supply chain for high value added, longer life uses. We should be spending less of our attention on producing pallets, and more of our attention on using that wood to build Welsh homes that capture and keep carbon. That will require co-ordination across the supply chain. So, I've another new working group to urgently consider the content of a new timber industrial strategy for Wales. We need to create added value right throughout the chain, and there's much we can learn from the Republic of Ireland in this.
We have published this afternoon, Dirprwy Lywydd, a list of the 39 actions the taskforce has agreed, alongside the written statement. We now need to keep up the momentum. I will close, if I may, with a comment made during one of our meetings by Mark McKenna from the Down to Earth project. He said, in reflecting on one of our conversations, 'The solutions are there. We need to invest and we need to plan'. And we intend to. Diolch.

Conservative spokesperson, Janet Finch-Saunders.

Janet Finch-Saunders AC: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. In the year to March 2020, whilst 200 hectares of new woodland was planted in Northern Ireland, 2,330 in England, and 10,860 in Scotland, Wales only managed to plant 80 hectares. So bad is this failure that the Welsh Government have done what they've done in other areas—they've actually reduced the planting target from 5,000 to 2,000 hectares per year. Such a chopped target could see the Welsh Government's approach to tree plantation easily compared to the deforestation we read about in the literary classic The Lord of the Rings—The Two Towers. In fact, Welsh Labour could be compared to Ents, discussing problems for a long time before taking action. To be truly ambitious, Deputy Minister, you would be looking to restore the 5,000hectares per year goal.
Forestry is classified in our own CCRA3 report as 'more action needed'. So, will you act on the recommendation for an assessment of management options for pests and diseases that have become resistant to current pesticides and further explore management initiatives that can enhance resilience, such as diversification? The report also identifies opportunities for the expansion of existing established species, such as the Douglas fir and sycamore, and for fast-growing species that are selected for bioenergy sources. So, will you identify where those opportunities are via the mapping exercise that our public bodies will now be undertaking?
One third of the around 309,000 hectares of woodland in Wales are found on agricultural land, yet yesterday you stated that the vast majority of new woodland will not be planted by the Welsh Government but by the communities—the farmers and other landowners across Wales. It's a bit rich for you to be claiming credit when you're actually reducing the targets. I'm also perplexed as to why your taskforce excluded NFU Cymru, FUW and the Countryside Alliance. Can you clarify whether you are going to work with them and include them in the new working group considering models to attract investment in woodland creation?
Deputy Llywydd, the Glastir woodland creation scheme has been overly complex and difficult for farmers to engage with. So, how confident are you, Deputy Minister, that the changes you are introducing will simplify the scheme, and will you ensure that farmers are properly rewarded for the establishment and management of trees and their farms? There are numerous reports of private investors buying vast areas of farmland to plant with trees, usually from out of the area, and that's where we do agree with your statement. We've got to actually take this in mind. So, will you clarify what steps will be incorporated in the new fast-tracked NRW approval process to safeguard these valuable open habitats from inappropriate plantation and ensure that support is only given to our real active farmers here in Wales?
Forecasts project softwood availability in Wales will decline from a standing volume of 2 million cu m in 2016 to just 1.5 million by 2041. So, can you give the Chamber greater clarity as to how you will address the significant concerns raised by the commercial forestry sector that the low planting and restocking rates will reduce the future supply of commercial timber? NRW, we all know, is seriously understaffed and underresourced, so have you assessed the impact of selling up to 30 per cent of their timber through alternatives to the current model focused on sale for the highest financial value? Dependent on the number being recruited, the woodland officers could actually be made lengthsmen, as they could have a key role in keeping drainage infrastructure clear, too.
Finally, I am deeply concerned that high-density housing areas contain only 1 per cent of Wales's urban tree cover. According to 'Prosperity for All: A Low Carbon Wales', you have an ambition to increase tree canopy cover and create woodlands near towns and cities—not much mention of that here today. So, what progress has there been since the publication of that report in March 2019?
Deputy Minister, we all want more trees, but we want more action and fewer words. Thank you. Diolch.

Lee Waters AC: Thank you very much. It's always difficult, I know, for opposition spokespeople who have to write a contribution in advance of a Minister setting out what's happening, and it's a shame that much of what she accused me of had been addressed in my statement. She does remind me a little bit of the old saying that some people refuse to take 'yes' for an answer.
You criticised me for not setting a target of 5,000 when I had said that we are accepting the Climate Change Committee's target on tree planting, which is 5,000. So, that is an anxiety I can put to bed. Indeed, I'm happy to go through with her—. I don't have the time today to go through everything she said, but I don't think there's much—[Interruption.] If she'd not heckle me, I'd do my best to answer her questions; it's very distracting. I don't think there's anything that she said in that statement that is going to be a problem for us. I think the taskforce has addressed all of those issues, and we certainly have tried.
As for shifting responsibility away from the Welsh Government by saying this needs to be an alliance for change—I think that's to completely misunderstand and misrepresent what we're saying and what we're trying to achieve. This has to be a whole-system approach. Absolutely the Welsh Government has got a significant role to play, and that's why we've set out the changes to the grant criteria, the greater risk appetite we're prepared to take—[Interruption.]

Let the Deputy Minister answer the questions, please.

Lee Waters AC: I'm answering your questions as patiently as I can and going through one at a time. I could have been far more brutal in my response, frankly, Janet Finch-Saunders. I'm trying to be kind to you, but you are making it hard.
As opposed to excluding the unions, we've not excluded the unions. This was a very sharply focused taskforce. This was not a representative body with all the stakeholders. The NFU and NRW have fed into the land management report of the forestry enterprises which form the basis of our analysis. I met separately as part of a round-table with the NFU and the FUW and Coed Cymru who worked very closely with and played an integral part of the taskforce. So, I know it's easy just to tick boxes so everyone is kept happy; that wasn't the purpose of this exercise: its purpose was some sharp interrogation of the facts and focus on action to shift it and I think we've done that and I think we've—once you've had time to reflect and be a little more generous, you might accept that we've made some progress here.
As for the NRW being understaffed, there isn't an organisation in Wales that cannot make a case for having more staff. We're all struggling with capacity. That is one of the consequences of austerity, and she needs to understand the consequences of her own party's actions on that. But one thing that's become clear on this: there are 81 staff in NRW currently spending their time processing and approving woodland plans. We're going to free them up, so instead of a bureaucratic exercise which slows things down, we are freeing them up to play a role to help get more trees planted and that's something NRW have welcomed.
As for urban tree cover, that's very much part of our plans. I said we want every family to plant a tree; I also said we want all public bodies to identify land that is available and to proactively work with communities to get trees planted everywhere we can. So, I do think if you drop the oppositional tone and focus on the content, we actually agree on pretty much everything.

Plaid Cymru spokesperson, Delyth Jewell.

Delyth Jewell AC: Thank you, Deputy Llywydd, and thank you, Minister, for the statement. I welcome the Government’s ambition in this area and I agree that trees are incredible. It's so important that Wales has a wood economy that safeguards trees, expands the numbers of forests in the country and creates jobs and building material that will be part of our economic recovery. It's clear that we will need significant investment in workforce skills and also in tree-planting technology. Thousands of jobs could be created and there would be great benefits to our communities as a result of that. Can I ask, therefore, for more detail on how the Welsh Government will invest in the skills that will be needed to reach these targets, and will the Welsh Government encourage new entrants into this industry through apprenticeships? It would be good to have some detail on that and a rough timetable if at all possible. And could you give us some detail on how you would invest in the necessary technology for these ambitious schemes?
In turning now to farmland, an issue that's already been raised this afternoon, we know how important it is to plant trees in a way that is effectively targeted—that we need the right trees in the right places for the right reasons. And these plans need to include people who understand the land, including farmers. You've already referred, Minister, to evidence that does cause concern about whole farms being bought up by large multinationals in order to plant trees, and it's come to our attention that Glastir funding could be used to aid such schemes. I know that this has already been raised in Janet Finch-Saunders's contribution, but I'd also like to put on record how important it will be to support rural communities to do what is necessary, so that they can help to reach these targets. So, what will you do to work with our communities and with our farmers on that?
And in turning, finally, to urban tree planting, there are clear benefits from planting trees in urban areas and villages, including improvements in air quality, noise reduction and temperature control, and many of these factors have positive impacts on the mental health, psychology and well-being of residents too.
Now, can you—? And this is my final question: will the Welsh Government provide some more detail on how you will take advantage, as much as possible, of urban tree planting, including the necessary diversity in terms of the types of trees that you plant? And what will you do to address the threatsto urban trees? Thank you.

Lee Waters AC: Thank you very much for that series of comments and questions. In terms of your last point, on the threat to urban trees, I'd said very clearly at the very beginning that we need to protect the trees that we have. Now, that doesn't mean that in every circumstance every tree can be preserved. One of the points that struck me during this exercise is that we have lost our relationship with our woodlands, and I think a healthy relationship and understanding of woodlands understands that trees need to be cut down sometimes. That's often why we grow them, if we replant them, and obviously it needs to be done on a case-by-case basis, but we shouldn't shy away from the fact that sometimes trees need to be felled. I don't think a healthy understanding of a woodland economy would preclude that. There are competing visions at times between these dappled woodlands with shafts of light hitting the forest floor and sometimes the contrast with an industrial view of woodlands, and there is room for both, and both require different approaches.
There is absolutely potential for job creation, as I say, right through the value chain. At the moment we have a collection of sawmills that have a business model that serves them fairly well, and don't really have a great incentive to disrupt that. I think we need to play a more active role in disrupting that as a Government, and make sure that the demand is there and the supply is there for those businesses to be able to take risks and invest in their own capital equipment and invest in their own workforce. To be fair, when I met them they were very much up for that, and they are definitely part of the solution. I think there's far greater plurality we can introduce into the system as we start to create a different environment. An example was given by Woodknowledge Wales—we're currently putting roughly 70,000 UPVC windows into landfill every year with funding from public bodies for new windows. There's a demand there for timber-framed windows if we take a co-ordinated approach here, and over time that creates business confidence and, of course, a need for more trees. So, this is all linked.
You ask for more detail on the way that we invest in skills and technology and I'm afraid I'm not able to give you that at the moment, but there's very much an intention to start developing plans to do that, and hopefully to keep the taskforce going and to expand it to make sure that we have the right people together. That was what I found so instructive about this: we had the people involved in implementing this around the table with the people with expertise, who are explicitly empowered to challenge, and through an intensive process of working together, systematically identifying barriers and coming up with solutions. We've come up with 49 recommendations that will really make a difference. I think that's a very healthy process that needs to continue.
In terms of Glastir funding being used to allow inward investors, if you like, to come in and buy farms, what I found really instructive about the Stump Up for Trees model is that here we have a Welsh farming-led group of people who have got control and ownership locally but are drawing in money through carbon credits from external bodies. So we have, and we're going to have, an increased demand for carbon offset, and rather than just standing back and letting the market fill that void, and having more Welsh farms bought up by bodies from outside of Wales, I think we need to actually step in here and facilitate this relationship where that money can be used through carbon credits, but you lever that money into communities so the ownership and control stays local.
I hope that addresses as many of the points as I can in the time available. Happy to follow up.

Mike Hedges AC: I welcome the Welsh Government's statement. I requested a statement on trees a few weeks ago, and thankfully we've now got one. Can I also say how much I welcome the tone of the Minister's statement? We need a lot more trees to meet our climate change needs, to reduce flooding risk and to protect biodiversity. But we need to involve the public. If everyone with a garden planted one tree, that would be over one million trees. We need councils to plant trees in parks and on the roadside—we've lost far too many roadside trees—and they need to be planted in large numbers. If we can enthuse communities to plant trees on land that still bears industrial scars, as we saw in the lower Swansea Valley in the 1970s, it can transform an area completely.
I have two questions. There were schemes in the 1970s of 'Plant a Tree in '73' and 'Plant One More in '74'. They were very successful. Can this be repeated in 2023 and 2024? And has the Minister reached the same conclusion I have that we need a forestry commission, and whilst it can share back-office functions with NRW, it will need to stand alone, promoting, monitoring and managing forestry?

Lee Waters AC: Thank you very much, and that's an inspired idea of, 'Plant a tree in 2023 and another in 2024'. I will shamelessly take that off you, I think, Mike Hedges—I think that's brilliant. I will take that away and work up something. Thank you very, very much; that's an excellent suggestion.
In terms of a forestry commission-type body, perhaps I was too coded in my response, but I did say looking at the Irish example that we will need to learn from a body that adds value across the whole supply chain. They not only have far higher rates of tree planting than we do, but they've got a much better system for monetising that, and using it for economic advantage and generating local wealth from it. And I think we need to look at that, too.
One of the things I think we need to think about—and I didn't want to do this in this short, sharp exercise, because we can't be flippant about it—but to look at where the best set of functions lie in this, and whether NRW is the right body. I think we have set them up to stumble and fail sometimes by asking them to be both the regulator and the promoter, and I think that is extremely difficult for any body to do. As I say, they're often criticised for how slow and bureaucratic it is, but they are doing things we've asked them to do, and part of what this function through this exercise is is to take some of that off them, to make it easier for them so that they're not always getting it in the neck, but to put their effort into doing things that are going to help, which is what they want to do, to be fair.But I think there is an open question about what is the right body to do that co-ordinating function. It may not be NRW, but I want to reach that conclusion thoughtfully and patiently.

Buffy Williams MS: I'd like to thank the Minister for the statement today. I agree wholeheartedly with the ambitious plans. We need to plant more trees to combat climate change and reduce the chances of more extreme weather conditions, like the rainfall that led to the flooding in February 2020. In October 2020, NRW completed their land estate management review and produced 10 key recommendations to change their current approach, as well as more specific recommendations following the floods in Pentre. Will the Minister please provide an update on how NRW have actioned each of the 10 recommendations following the review, as well as the recommendations following the flooding event in Pentre? I'm happy to receive a written answer from the Minister at a later date.

Lee Waters AC: Perhaps I can give Buffy Williams points for trying to turn this into a discussion of the situation of flooding in Pentre. I'm afraid that's not something we explicitly looked at. I'd be happy to write on an update of how NRW are getting on with that review. But I would say what this exercise has highlighted is the important role of tree planting in alleviating and preventing flooding, and that is a really important part of the plans that we need to develop. So, that helps with what we know is already baked into the system of more frequent and tumultuous weather.

Darren Millar AC: Can I welcome the statement today? I'm a major tree enthusiast like you, and I think it's absolutely wonderful that there's this national ambitious target that is now being set. Can I thank the Welsh Government as well for the grants that it made available through Keep Wales Tidy and the Woodland Trust for the planting of a tiny forest in Kinmel Bay in my constituency, which has spurred the local community on to plant community orchards and trees on grass verges? It's the sort of chain reaction, I think, that the Welsh Government might be looking for.
There is, however, once concern that I have, and that is about felling. I know that someone else has already raised this—Delyth Jewell—earlier, but the Forestry Act 1967 in England and Wales does not currently allow local authorities to refuse tree felling licences to protect local wildlife populations such as the red squirrel, for which I'm the species champion. The Scottish Government has actually changed the law to enable licences to be refused for that purpose. Can I urge the Welsh Government to look at whether a similar change in the law might be possible here in Wales in order to protect not just red squirrels, but any other important wildlife across Wales that could be threatened as a result of felling operations?

Lee Waters AC: Thank you for that constructive intervention, and I've called Darren Millar many things in my time, but never a major tree enthusiast. So, that's one to add to the list. I think he rightly points that there are policy tensions and sometimes absurd and unintended consequences, and he gives a very good example there. So, I would be very happy to look at that, because I think it is a problem.

Jayne Bryant AC: I welcome the Minister's wholehearted commitment to this cause and the ambition and determination is clear to see on this. I'd urge the Minister to move as swiftly as he can with increasing tree coverage in our towns and cities. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of having green spaces near to your homes. Trees provide shade, reduce street temperatures, absorb carbon dioxide, filter air pollution, improve drainage and mitigate floods, and provide habitat for wildlife and plants. Tree-lined streets should not be something only seen in the suburbs, but must be encouraged in the most densely populated areas of our towns and cities. So, could the Minister go into a little bit more detail about his plans to ensure this happens? And encouraging planting of hedgerows in our urban areas is also important, whether around our homes or schools, so could the Minister say how this will fit into the strategy as well?
A national call to arms and encouraging everyone to get involved is an excellent idea and something that has been successful before, as Mike Hedges has already mentioned. Many trees that were planted in Caerleon in my constituency during the 1970s were done during the 'Plant a Tree in '73' and 'Plant Some More in '74'—

Can the Member come to a conclusion now, please?

Jayne Bryant AC: Yes. I'd caution that it has to be the right tree in the right place, along with the hedgerows—maybe it's 'Plant a Yew in '22'. Whatever the title or native species, I'd urge the Minister to keep up the momentum on this. We must see this plan turn into a reality.

Lee Waters AC: Thank you very much. I completely agree with all the points that she made. I think the pandemic has shown us the connection to nature that taking an interest in your garden and planting trees can have, and I've certainly seen it in the case of my own garden.
If we are going to meet the challenge of climate change, as we've discussed in this Chamber in recent weeks, we need to significantly change things. And I think, done properly, getting people to plant more trees themselves can really start that journey of understanding a relationship with nature and the actions that each of us need to take in our own front yard and back yard as part of a broader set of behaviour change movements, and that is very much my intention.
We've announced some things today, and I hope that we'll be able to announce some more as the months go by.

And finally, Joyce Watson.

Joyce Watson AC: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. I'm really pleased that you've delivered this statement today, and it's very clear that you are determined to drive this forward. And I think that you've identified together the issues that are in the way, and that is making life easier to achieve this, and I think that is fantastic.
Because we're limited in time, I want to talk around the hedges and edges part of your statement, because they are vital for habitat. What we all see, very often, when there's a housing development, is all the hedges and edges ripped out and all the ground cleared, and then something put back in its way. So, could I ask you to speak with the other Minister in charge of planning for development, so that maybe we could incorporate some of those ancient hedgerows within the urban development without having to destroy what is there in the way? Thank you.

Lee Waters AC: Thank you. As I said when discussing transport, we need to make the right thing to do the easy thing to do, and I think that applies right across the behaviour change challenges for tackling climate change. I think the hedges and edges concept, which was brought to my attention by the Woodland Trust, who have done some really good work on this, is a really important one, because there is a journey to go on with some farmers who see this agenda as threatening to their way of farming, and that's why we need to have conversations with each of them to see what suits their land. And they all can identify bits of land where they'd be perfectly comfortable with having hedges and edges covered by trees, and I think that's a really important beginning for them on the behaviour change journey of how they farm as well.
In terms of the specific point of ancient hedgerows, I don't know enough about that to give you an intelligent answer, so, if you don't mind, I'll go away, think about it, talk to some cleverer people, and get back to you.

Thank you, Deputy Minister.

And can I thank both Ministers for their succinct and brief answers that allowed me to call many Members to be able to ask their questions? I'm sure Members will go away over the summer and practise their timing on some of them as well.

6. The Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2021

Item 6, the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2021. I call on the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language to move the motion—Jeremy Miles.

Motion NDM7751 Lesley Griffiths
To propose that the Senedd, in accordance with Standing Order 27.5:
1. Approves that the draft The Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (Wales) (Amendment) Regulations 2021 are made in accordance with the draft laid in the Table Office on 22 June 2021.

Motion moved.

Jeremy Miles AC: Thank you, Deputy Llywydd. These regulations are a little more complex than the ones that follow, so I will take a few moments to explain their purpose and effect. The ​Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018 amended section 83 of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014, which relates to care and support plans for looked-after children. This was in order to provide for a requirement for an individual development plan to be incorporated into a personal education plan.
The amendments to section 83 of the 2014 Act also provided for a power to make regulations in order to preserve the scope for exceptions to the requirement to have a personal education plan. Under that power, section 83(2)(b), as well as sections 83(5), 84(b) and 196(2), these regulations are made to the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (Wales) Regulations 2015.

Jeremy Miles AC: The regulations before you today, if approved, will amend the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (Wales) Regulations 2015 to provide for the exceptions to the requirement to have a personal education plan, which, in turn, will continue the existing position as to the circumstances in which a child is to be treated as looked-after for the purposes of the 2018 Act. As the definition of 'looked-after child' is narrower in the 2018 Act than the 2014 Act, the amendments provided in these regulations will ensure that both Acts and the additional learning needs code dovetail together in respect of the duties in respect of looked-after children with ALN. I should make it clear, however, that looked-after children not classed as such by the 2018 Act will still have rights under the ALN system, like any other child or young person; it's just that the specific provisions for looked-after children will not apply to them and, as such, the responsibility may lie with a different body for preparing and maintaining any IDP they may require.
These technical amendments are required to continue the existing position regarding looked-after children who are required to have a personal education plan and the list of information that must be included in a personal education plan. Further minor technical amendments are also being made to the 2015 regulations via these amending regulations that are consequential upon the requirement to have a personal education plan being inserted into section 83 of the 2014 Act by the 2018 Act. Again, there are no costs associated with the regulations and I invite Members to support these minor amendments. Diolch.

David Rees AC: No Members have indicated that they wish to speak, so, Minister, do you want to say anything else? Okay. The question is that the motion is agreed. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Motion agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

7. The Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2021

Item 7, the Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2021. I call on the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language—Jeremy Miles.

Motion NDM7750 Lesley Griffiths
To propose that the Senedd, in accordance with Standing Order 27.5:
1. Approves that the draft The Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018 (Consequential Amendments) Regulations 2021 is made in accordance with the draft laid in the Table Office on 22 June 2021.

Motion moved.

Jeremy Miles AC: Thank you, Deputy Llywydd. I'd like to draw Members' attention to a technical scrutiny point raised by the committee in its report. As is explained in the Government's response to the report, this is a typographical error, as section 13(7) doesn't exist in the Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018. The reference should be to section 13(1).

Jeremy Miles AC: The Government originally proposed to deal with this via the correction slip method available in some circumstances. However, instead, I propose to replace 'section 13(7)' with 'section 13(1)' on making the regulations, should these be approved by the Senedd today. I am happy to make it clear that there is no substantive change in effect to the regulations and it does not change the meaning of the legislation. However, I do believe that it should be corrected to avoid misleading readers, and it is better to make the law, obviously, correctly in the first place than to rely on remedies that are available at a later date. Members will also wish to note that the explanatory memorandum has been amended to reflect incorrect references that were noticed post laying, including that in the committee's report. These have now been corrected.
In terms of the regulations themselves, the provisions in these regulations make consequential amendments to a number of other enactments. Most of the primary legislation that we are seeking to amend relates directly to education, such as the Education Acts of 1997, 2002 and 2005.However, we are also seeking to amend legislation that covers broader areas, including the Local Government Act 1974 and the Wales Act 2017, such will be the impact of the reforms to the special educational needs system.
It is important to note that these regulations, if passed, will make only minor or technical changes to existing legislation that are necessary to enable the ALN system to function as intended. These amendments do not have any impact on the policy intent of the ALNET Act, the ALN code or other ALN-related regulations, nor will there be any costs associated with implementing these regulations.
Most of these amendments will update soon-to-be outdated terminology found in other Acts, such as changing 'special educational needs' to 'additional learning needs'. The name of the tribunal that deals with appeals against certain decisions about a child or young person and their education will also change from the Special Educational Needs Tribunal for Wales, SENTW, to the Education Tribunal for Wales.
The reforms to the SEN system have, of course, been a long time coming. I'm grateful to my predecessors for taking through these important pieces of legislation, and now invite Members to support these consequential amendments ahead of the beginning of our phased implementation. Diolch.

I call on the Chair of the Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee, Huw Irranca-Davies.

Huw Irranca-Davies AC: Diolch yn fawr iawn, Dirprwy Lywydd. The Legislation, Justice and Constitution Committee considered these regulations yesterday morning, and the Minister will be pleased to know, and this Siambr will be pleased to know, that my contribution this afternoon will be very brief indeed, on one small matter.
As the Minister has mentioned, our scrutiny of the draft regulations identified what was a typographical error in regulation 11(2), meaning that the wrong provision in the Additional Learning Needs and Education Tribunal (Wales) Act 2018 had been referenced.
I welcome the Minister’s commitment to correct the error, so that the regulations refer to section 13(1) of that Act, before the regulations are signed into law and published. I also welcome the Minister's timely action to correct the accompanying explanatory memorandum. That is it, Dirprwy Lywydd.

Joel James MS: Thank you, Minister, for allowing us the opportunity to address the amendments to the additional learning needs and education tribunal Act, legislation that promises to have a substantial impact on education in Wales.
Though initial discussions on this Act predate my election, I understand that following—[Inaudible.]

[Inaudible.]

Joel James MS: Yes. Okay. The only thing is, unless it's through the microphone, I'm not going to be able to hear what you say. Anyway, shall I start from the start?

I think you should start from the beginning, in case we missed it.

Joel James MS: Yes, I can hear you now—perfect. Okay, thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd, and thank you, Minister, for allowing us the opportunity to address the amendments to the additional learning needs and education tribunal Act, legislation that promises to have a substantial impact on education in Wales.
Though initial discussions on this Act predate my election, I understand that, following early consultation on the ALN Act in 2017, it was agreed that supporting pupils with healthcare needs would sit within its framework, but now it seems that this is not the case. Schools in Wales will not be able to seek additional funding through the ALN funding stream, yet will still be expected to support pupils with complex medical needs, such as type 1 diabetes, and this was something that was brought up as well last week in the cross-party group on diabetes.
I understand that the ALN Act is designed to remove the barriers that children have with their learning, and having a disability does not necessarily impose a barrier on learning. But the reality is that conditions like type 1 diabetes are extremely complex, and those who suffer from high or low blood sugars, which will almost certainly occur during the day, can experience confusion, loss of concentration and blurred vision. As highlighted earlier in the meeting, children can also suffer psychological problems with the injection of insulin and food restrictions, and this can cause mental health issues in their teenage years and later in life. Schools, as a result of the current ALN, could be forced to make decisions regarding staff resources that may prevent a school from offering educational interventions, such as literacy catch-up sessions, as staff members are instead identified to ensure that the safety needs of those pupils covered by the ALN are monitored and supported. Support for schools to provide the care and provision for additional learning will be crucial to helping provide the best care for disabled children.
I'm sure every party will want to see the success of this legislation, however there remains considerable concern from groups, such as Diabetes UK, regarding unintended consequences that the additional learning needs and education tribunal Act could have when the provision for care is removed. In light of these concerns, can the Minister agree to relook at the situation again? Thank you.

I call on the Minister for Education and the Welsh Language to reply to the debate.

Jeremy Miles AC: Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer, and I thank the committee Chair for his comments on how we intend to deal with the questions that have arisen in terms of the typographical errors, and for his support for what we're intending to do to deal with that error.

Jeremy Miles AC: With regard to the Member’s point about the scope of inclusion within the ALN provisions, as he says, there is significant funding committed to support the implementation of the ALN Act and delivery of the wider ALN transformation programme. But the points he raised in the debate today, in particular around the inclusion or exclusion of diabetes, is something I will write to him about if he’s content with that. But I will give him the reassurance that the arrangements that I’m seeking the consent of the Chamber for today are effectively ones that make other legislation work in a way that is consistent with the ALN legislation. So, they’re technical amendments to other legislation, which are consequential to the existing passage of the ALN Bill itself. So, they’re technical in that sense. But if he’s content, I’d be very happy to write to him about the specific points that he’s raised today.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Motion agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

We will now suspend proceedings to allow changeovers in the Chamber. If you are leaving the Chamber, please do so promptly. The bell will be rung two minutes before proceedings restart. Any Members who arrive after a changeover should wait until then before entering the Chamber.

Plenary was suspended at 17:17.

The Senedd reconvened at 17:28, with the Llywydd in the Chair.

8. The Coronavirus Act 2020 (Early Expiry: Local Authority Care and Support) (Wales) Regulations 2021

Item 8 is our next agenda item, on the Coronavirus Act 2020 (Early Expiry: Local Authority Care and Support) (Wales) Regulations 2021. And I call on the Deputy Minister for Social Services to move the motion. Julie Morgan.

Motion NDM7752 Lesley Griffiths
To propose that the Senedd, in accordance with Standing Order 27.5:
1. Approves that the draft The Coronavirus Act 2020 (Early Expiry: Local Authority Care and Support) (Wales) Regulations 2021 are made in accordance with the draft laid in the Table Office on 22 June 2021.

Motion moved.

Julie Morgan AC: Diolch, Llywydd. I formally move the motion.
The draft Coronavirus Act 2020 (Early Expiry: Local Authority Care and Support) (Wales) Regulations 2021 before you today will provide for the early expiry of the operation of the social care provisions contained within that 2020 Act. These draft regulations specifically relate to Part 2 of Schedule 12 to the 2020 Act, and section 15 of the 2020 Act, so far as it relates to Part 2 of Schedule 12.
The 2020 Act social care provisions modify certain duties of local authorities in relation to adult social care, under Parts 3 and 4 of the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014. Members will recall that I wrote to them on 19 February, giving notice of my intention to suspend the operation of those provisions and regulations, and to give that suspension effect, this came into force on 22 March this year.
Local government has been absolutely clear that no local authority in Wales has implemented 2020 Act provisions. It is a reflection of the commitments and dedication of the leadership and workforce to explore ways to maintain care and support under very difficult circumstances. It is further evidence of the incredible response made by everyone within the social care sector and throughout Wales.
That doesn't mean that people have not experienced or made an active choice to make adjustments to their care and support due to the impact the pandemic has had on staffing and other vital resources, particularly within our local communities. The impact of COVID on older people, looked-after children, adults with learning disabilities and unpaid carers has been clear. That's why we ensured the 2020 Act maintained key protections, unmodified throughout the pandemic.
For example, we ensured the duties owed to people under the Equality Act 2010 remained unchanged, as have duties to have regard to the relevant conventions and principles relating to human rights, older people and disabled people. Similarly, we ensured that discussions and decisions relating to care and support were supported and informed by the specific ethical framework for social care, and we worked with the Disability Equality Forum to publish clear and comprehensive statutory guidance.
The Coronavirus Act 2020 is scheduled to automatically expire on 25 March 2022 unless the provisions are extended or, as in the case before you today, brought to an early end. I invite you to support the motion to expire these provisions early and approve the draft Coronavirus Act 2020 (Early Expiry: Local Authority Care and Support) (Wales) Regulations. Diolch.

I have no speakers to this item. Therefore, I assume the Deputy Minister doesn't want to reply to the debate. The proposal is, therefore, to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No, there are no objections. The motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Motion agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

9. Debate: The First Supplementary Budget 2021-22

The next item is a debate on the first supplementary budget 2021-22. I call on the Minister for finance to move the motion—Rebecca Evans.

Motion NDM7726 Lesley Griffiths
To propose that the Senedd, in accordance with Standing Order 20.30, approves the First Supplementary Budget for the financial year 2021-22 laid in the Table Office on Tuesday, 22 June 2021.

Motion moved.

Rebecca Evans AC: Diolch, Llywydd. This first supplementary budget of 2021-22 once more focuses squarely on the Welsh Government's response to the pandemic. It regularises the important allocations that the previous Welsh Government made to help us and our partners respond quickly and effectively to the impact of coronavirus. It also provides an opportunity to make technical changes that restate the budgets of the Welsh Government in line with the new ministerial portfolios arising out of the new administration, as well as reflecting adjustments from recent UK fiscal events.
This budget increases the overall Welsh fiscal resources by over £1.1 billion, with a 5 per cent increase on the position at the final budget. Our fiscal spending plans have increased by a total of £793 million, an increase of 4.1 per cent since the final budget. This budget includes over £700 million of allocations to departmental budgets, and £627 million are allocations from the COVID-19 response reserve. A key priority has been to support our NHS and its workforce as it continues to experience unprecedented strain caused by the pandemic. For this, the Welsh Government has provided additional funding of £100 million to be used across primary, community and secondary care. To support the Welsh economy, we have allocated £352.2 million to extend the business rates holiday for the retail, leisure and hospitality sectors, support that will extend to the end of this financial year, some six months longer than the equivalent relief provided in England. We have provided £55 million to help businesses as they prepare for more normal trading conditions.
We have provided over £39 million for the continuation of the Recruit, Recover and Raise Standards programme to support teaching and learning, with a particular focus on support for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged learners. A further £19 million has been allocated to ensure children continue their learning progress following disruption during the pandemic, with a focus on the well-being of children and staff. An allocation of £33 million has been made to further education and local authorities to support learners in colleges and sixth forms to fund additional teaching time, and £6 million has been allocated to support 1,400 trainee teachers currently in initial teacher training to complete their qualifications and move into full-time teaching.
Access to leisure, recreational, sporting and cultural events for children and young people is critical in the recovery from the effects of COVID-19. This is why we're providing an extra £4.5 million to local authorities to stage activities as part of the Summer of Fun. And we're allocating £2 million to the residential outdoor education sector for support to cover essential operating costs. The cultural recovery fund has provided vital assistance to individuals and to a sector facing decimation had the Welsh Government not stepped in to provide vital support. That is why we're allocating £30 million to extend the fund and support Wales's diverse culture through the challenges that they face.
In order to support Transport for Wales to meet the operating costs of the rail network from September until the end of November, we have allocated £70 million.And a further £100 million has been allocated for non-COVID-related measures, such as the exciting new international learner exchange programme, vital support for Cardiff Airport and allocations relating to transfers from the UK Government.
I welcome the Finance Committee's recognition of the ongoing difficulties caused by the UK Government's lack of clarity regarding policy decisions that have funding implications for Wales. This uncertainty has a detrimental impact on our funding settlement, placing us at a perennial disadvantage when planning and managing our budget. I continue to press the UK Government to provide greater fiscal flexibility with borrowing and the Wales reserve.
Against the background of the pandemic, it is imperative that our calls are recognised to support effective financial planning to enable growth and recovery. I thank the committee for its consideration of this budget and the publication of its report. I'll provide a detailed response in due course, but I am minded to accept the recommendations. I continue to work with colleagues to identify pressures related to both the pandemic response and opportunities to fund COVID recovery measures, and will be making further announcements in due course. All further allocations will be regularised in the second supplementary budget later this year. I ask Members to support the motion.

I call on the Chair of the Finance Committee, Peredur Owen Griffiths.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: Thank you, Llywydd. I'm very pleased to speak in this debate today on behalf of the Finance Committee. The committee undertook scrutiny on the first supplementary budget on 2 July. I thank the Minister for her attendance and also I thank the Members for meeting at short notice to do that work.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: This supplementary budget shows an increase in allocations to Welsh Government departments of £1.2 billion. That's an increase from £19.7 billion to £20.9 billion. The allocations are mainly based on the Welsh Government’s continued response to the pandemic. The Minister told us this is a technical supplementary budget moving back in step with previous ways of budgeting. However, the three supplementary budgets in the last financial year provided detailed information. We recommend that future supplementary budgets provide more detail on how new allocations have been prioritised to ensure that transparency is maintained
We were pleased to hear the Minister had continued to meet frequently with other Ministers to discuss funding requirements, taking a more centralised approach to budgeting. The Welsh Government is holding a significant level of unallocated fiscal resource in reserve. We understand the need for flexibility to deal with the response to the pandemic and note that the Minister does intend to make some significant allocations shortly. We look forward to considering them as part of the second supplementary budget.
The Minister said the UK Government’s funding guarantee last year was really helpful in providing some certainty for devolved administrations. However, we heard significant issues persist regarding how the UK Government communicates policies that result in consequentials for Wales.Communication between Westminster and Wales was an issue of concern for the previous Finance Committee. We intend to pursue closer working with other counterparts to collectively apply pressure on the UK Government to provide clarity on funding decisions.We also recommend the Welsh Government continues to press the UK Government to improve transparency in funding calculations and for more effective inter-governmental mechanisms and governance structures than those currently in place.
As has been the case throughout the pandemic, the Welsh Government has allocated significant funding to economic support. The largest allocation in the supplementary budget is £352.2 million to extend the retail, leisure and hospitality business rates relief. The committee welcomes that the full rate relief for businesses in Wales will apply for the remainder of the year, unlike in England.
Moving on to transport, the Welsh Government wrote off £42.6 million of the loan it had given Cardiff Airport. We heard that the previous Minister for the economy and transport had shown the write-off was the most cost-effective way of supporting the airport at that point. However, the Welsh Government used financial transaction capital funding for some of the loan it provided to the airport, and is required to pay back 80 per cent of the total financial transaction capital allocated by HM Treasury. We recommend that the Welsh Government provide information about the financial impact of its decision to write off part of the loan.
An additional £100 million has been allocated to supporting the recovery of the NHS. The Minister suggests that this funding would also support NHS organisations to respond to a potential third wave. We recommend that the Minister clarifies the purpose of the £100 million, including how the funding will be used, its intended outcomes and how the Welsh Government will monitor and report the impact it ends up having on NHS waiting lists.
Finally, the committee welcomes the financial support that has been made to local authorities through the local government hardship fund, which supports initiatives including free school meals, self-isolation payments and an enhancement for social care workers' sick pay. The Minister will be committing an additional £26 million for social care through the hardship fund. We request an update on the monitoring and effectiveness of the fund and further detail on the additional £26 million.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: I'm pleased to have been able to speak in today's debate, my first for me as the new Chair of the Finance Committee. I understand that the previous Finance Committees have had a constructive relationship with finance Ministers and I look forward to continuing this in my new role. Thank you very much.

Peter Fox AS: I'm pleased to be part of this debate today and I thank you, Minister, for your opening statement. There is no doubt that the pandemic has pushed Wales to the cliff edge and it just shows how important it is that Wales remains an integral part of a strong United Kingdom. After all, the robust measures swiftly implemented by the UK Conservative Government to the tune of £8.6 billion in funding since the start of the pandemic protected hundreds of thousands of jobs, with livelihoods across the length and breadth of Wales being shielded from some of the most severe effects of the pandemic. This support is in addition, of course, to the UK-wide schemes such as the coronavirus job retention scheme and the self-employment income scheme.
But, Llywydd, on initial reading of the supplementary budget, I was shocked to note that there is still roughly £2 billion worth of unallocated money sitting in the Welsh Government's coffers; £1.2 billion fiscal and the balance made up in capital. This is a highly significant sum of money, which I'm sure all in this Chamber would agree. Time and time again, we've heard Welsh Government Ministers—and rightly so—calling for funding to deal with the pandemic. But to then not use all of it at a time of national emergency simply doesn't make sense. Llywydd, it's very much like being given money to hire a builder to prevent your damaged ceiling caving in, to then decide not to use all that money given to you, meaning the risk remains. The people of Wales need that investment now so that they can start to build back better. More so than ever before, we desperately need a sustainable long-term recovery plan for our NHS, our schools, businesses and vitally important local authorities. So, Minister, where is your plan to invest this unallocated £1.2 billion? When will services see the funding that they so desperately need?
Minister, as much as I welcome any credible move to kick start our economic recovery, I will still however point out areas of weakness. The reason for this isn't political, but it's what a reasonable opposition should do. That is why I'm somewhat dismayed that swathes of the supplementary budget will only touch the surface of what is actually required to help Wales bounce back from the pandemic. Take for instance the local government hardship fund, which finished in June, meaning councils are now facing a cliff edge financially. Or the extra cash announced for our cherished NHS being just a drop in the ocean, or the shocking fact that there appears to be no extra support for our rural communities, despite the crippling effect the pandemic has hadon these rural areas. In other words, many of the measures outlined in the supplementary budget are either short-term funding or initiatives that have closed, but these initiatives are needed to provide long-term support.
Finally, Minister, I know that the pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the transport sector, and I recognise that the Government has provided additional support, such as the £16 million to Cardiff Airport and £70 million to Transport for Wales. However, it is worth noting that, as was mentioned in the Finance Committee Chair's report, this was on top of the Government writing off £40 million-worth of Cardiff Airport's debts and an additional £167 million given to Transport for Wales last year. Clearly, this isn't a sustainable way of running services. Can you tell me whether the Welsh Government is facing a future financial black hole because of this? What are your plans for putting these services back onto a sustainable financial future? Time is of the essence here. We need a bold, ambitious plan to ensure Wales bounces back post COVID. We all need now to act in Wales's national interest, which is why I sincerely hope, Minister, you will heed my calls today. Thank you, Llywydd.

Llyr Gruffydd AC: Can I start by acknowledging the challenging circumstances faced by Government over the past few years, with the absence of comprehensive spending reviews and assurance in terms of the funding to be provided, and the ad hoc funding coming from Westminster? It's good to understand that we are hoping to move to a more stable cycle now, with two supplementary budgets rather than three, and so on. I'm sure people would welcome that. As a party, we are happy to be pragmatic and to recognise those difficult circumstances as long as the Government and Minister are open and transparent with us as we scrutinise those processes.
I would support the calls for better inter-governmental arrangements. I've been on the Finance Committee in the previous Senedd listening to the Secretary of State in one session saying that there are hundreds of millions of pounds of consequentials coming to Wales as a result of one announcement, but then two minutes later hearing a Welsh Minister say that it's tens of millions of pounds that would come down the pipeline, and that, in my view, doesn't reflect well on the situation that exists. Everyone's left scratching their heads as to where the truth lies, and I do think that both Governments need to rise above that in this ensuing period. It doesn't benefit anyone, and it certainly doesn't help in terms of scrutiny for us as Members, or in terms of ensuring that the additional funding, however much does actually arrive, works as hard as possible in terms of providing the services needed by people in Wales. But that's the end of the sermon there.
Of course, there are two elements to this supplementary budget, as the Minister explained—there's the technical element of restating the budget to reflect new portfolios and, as an opposition Member, I always want more information. It's always difficult to follow the money from one portfolio to another, and I would again echo a plea that's been made in the past, to provide greater detail to us when it comes to those figures.
The second thing—and it is a supplementary budget, but there is a very retrospective feel to this. These are all announcements that the Government is already committed to. We are confirming, to all intents and purposes, the commitments already made, where perhaps I would be eager for us to have more of an opportunity to discuss possible allocations looking forward, and moving forward with the budget within this year. The danger is that the second supplementary budget will also be retrospective in terms of the allocations that happen from here on in, which is a slight frustration, perhaps, from my perspective.
We've heard, of course, that there is £2 billion in reserve which is yet to be allocated, and one understands the risk of things such as a third wave, and the need to ensure that the Welsh Government can respond to that. But I think there is a risk that we are missing opportunities in this financial year. Plaid Cymru has been clear on the need to create more economic stimulus by investing in infrastructure to get the economy moving once again, and the climate change challenge provides a very broad canvas in terms of possible interventions in major infrastructure projects that I'm sure we would all agree need to be delivered. We've also been clear on the need for the Government to put its borrowing powers to work more effectively. The Minister in opening the debate said that she was eager to have more flexibility when it comes to borrowing powers—well, use the powers that you have in the first instance. If you don't believe that you need to use those powers now, as we try and build back better, fairer and greener, then when will that time come?
Now, in terms of some of the allocations—I am aware of time—but in terms of some of the specific allocations, in terms of health, we welcome and recognise the investment of £128 million in terms of recovery and reducing waiting lists, which are frighteningly high, as we would all agree. But we need to go beyond that too and put clear strategies in place with sufficient funding in place that not only restores services and deals with the backlog post COVID, but also allows the work of building a more robust and sustainable NHS for the future, which would allow us to redesign services for the longer term. Health boards have plans in place that need to be implemented and now is the time to create that new infrastructure that creates an NHS that is more resilient and more fit for the long-term future.
And, finally, the £206 million provided to local authorities through the local government hardship fund in the first six months of this financial year is something that local authorities have welcomed, but council leaders are telling me that they’re still unclear as to the intentions for the second half of this financial year. You have suggested that you are committed to continuing funding until the end of the financial year, but is that another £206 million? Is it another sum? Or is that £206 million to last until the end of the financial year? Council leaders tell me that they’re still not clear, and clarity on that would be welcomed, I think.

Rhianon Passmore AC: I very much welcome this first supplementary budget for 2021-22. It is an extraordinary time for this legislature and for the Welsh people never seen in peacetime. As we grapple with the climate change emergency and transformation, Wales continues to receive block funding 3 per cent below that of 2010 per population head. We face genuine insecurity over EU exit transition, financial ambiguity over lost UK transitional replacement funds, with former Objective 1 areas totally missed from UK levelling up funds, and what can be called at the very best a constitutional recalibration, contrary to devolution and our legislative mandate, and a real and chronic lack of fiscal flexibility and the missing comprehensive spending review.And throughout all of this, Llywydd, we fight the global pandemic itself, all it has meant for our people, our economy and our national resistance.
I welcome being reappointed to the Welsh Finance Committee, and curtail my remarks to focus on recommendation 10 of the Finance Committee's scrutiny of the first supplementary budget. So, I have no hesitation in extolling the importance of local government in the delivery of vital services to people, often those most vulnerable in times of normality. The pandemic has demonstrated and evidenced how crucial local government has been in our recovery in pandemic logistics, in emergency co-ordination, administration and support. In short, local government has been essential to the Welsh fight against COVID-19.
Paragraphs 68 to 73 of the Finance Committee's report, pages 24 and 25, focus on local government in the first supplementary budget, and the final budget included £206.6 million to support local government for those first six months through the local government hardship fund. And that builds on over £660 million of additional allocation to local government in 2021. So, I was very heartened that the Minister confirmed that in addition to the funding for the local government hardship fund for the first six months announced at the final budget, the Minister has agreed an additional £76 million through the hardship fund particularly for social care pressures.
The hardship fund has provided funding for free school meals, self-isolation payments and enhancements for social care workers' sick pay, and funded critical testing and visitor pods in our care homes, amongst many other interventions. And we know that this pandemic is not over, even though Wales has been kept safe by this Welsh Labour Government's cautious and epidemiologically-driven approach, and the immensely successful world-leading vaccination programme, ensuring that we are one of the most vaccinated nations on earth. And, as such, I very much welcome the Minister's comments to this place on 23 June that further funding could be allocated through the hardship fund, should it be needed, and it is indeed needed. The Welsh Government continues to keep Wales safe whilst ensuring that our Welsh finances, in the most trying of circumstances ever experienced by this legislature and our country, are in good order, and I support the approval of this first supplementary budget 2021-22. I urge all Members to do the same. Diolch.

The Minister for finance to reply to the debate. Rebecca Evans.

Rebecca Evans AC: Diolch. I'd like to thank all Members today for their thoughtful contributions. This first supplementary budget is an important part of the budget process, allowing changes to be reported to and scrutinised by the Senedd, and I do welcome the constructive debate that we've had this afternoon. As I outlined in my opening remarks, although we've regularised a number of previously announced allocations from reserves to continue our response to the pandemic, this budget does return us to the more routine practice that we developed in terms of supplementary budgets that are more technical in nature.
We've adopted a targeted and responsible approach that focuses on the immediate support needed in the context of a fast-moving pandemic, and have responded decisively to support the Welsh economy and ensure our public services were equipped to deal with unfolding circumstances.
I think it's important to recognise that finance Ministers around the world have chosen to give themselves flexibility by maintaining an appropriate level of reserves, and, of course, that applies equally to the Chancellor who is holding significant reserves in order to continue to respond to the crisis. And in Wales, of course, we've been no different. We're holding COVID reserves to retain that flexibility to allow us to respond.
As I have outlined to the Finance Committee though, we have agreed a further £26 million to extend the funding available within the local government hardship fund for social care, and, in addition, I've allocated an additional £10 million to the local authority hardship fund for the homelessness emergency response; an additional £4 million to help people self-isolate, extending that support until the end of March 2022; and £1.5 million to provide Wales and Africa COVID emergency grants. And I will be intending to make further announcements in the coming weeks.
I also think it's important to recognise at this point that the nature of the COVID reserve is that it's non-recurrent, so we cannot rely on any of this funding being available next year, and that does provide us with some additional challenges in terms of the kind of interventions that we would wish to put in place.
I did mention the local government hardship fund, and I do want to put on record the fact that I have given local authority leaders that confirmation that it is my intention to keep that fund in place throughout this financial year, and officials are currently working with officers in the Welsh Local Government Association, and in local authorities, to understand the need that is related to that particular fund for this year, because I do recognise, as others have, how critical it's been to supporting local government's response to the pandemic.
I do welcome the Finance Committee's comments in relation to their interest in Welsh Government's relationships with the UK Government, and, of course, I am as keen as anyone that there should be strong engagement and co-operation between the UK Government and Welsh Government, particularly following the COVID recovery summit. But, now, we need to see that borne out in action and a real step change really in the way in which the UK Government interacts with the Welsh Government, and particularly so, I think, in terms of finance.
The COVID guarantee that we had last year was a really helpful innovation, and that's something that I was involved in designing, to ensure that it met our needs here in Wales. But, this year, it's been much more difficult because the UK Government has made announcements since we've received our COVID funding earlier on this year which we simply don't know whether or not they're covered by that guarantee. They made large announcements of funding on education for example, and we don't know yet whether that is additional funding, if it's previously announced funding, or funding moved from elsewhere in UK Government's budget. So, this has been quite some time now since they've made that announcement, so it's really not acceptable for us not to be able to have that clarity that we need in terms of that funding.
I also want to just briefly mention the additional funding for health. I'm working currently with the health Minister to determine what additional funding health might need on top of that £100 million in order to support it through the rest of this financial year, with that real focus on recovery. But the £100 million that's already been announced is very much there to help to start to address the backlog, and that funding was announced when we published the 'Health and Social Care in Wales—COVID-19: Looking forward' document, and it will be used across primary, secondary and community care, to reduce inequalities and improve the capacity for planned care. But, as I say, there will be further announcements made on that and a range of other matters later.
And just to address the issues raised about Cardiff Airport, that funding is very much there against a five-year plan for the rescue and restructure of the airport. And we've agreed that investment by way of a grant of up to £42.6 million over a five-year period, to enable the airport to restructure its operations and secure its long-term viability. And, again, I would say that this is not unusual—it's not unusual for Governments to be supporting airports in this particularly trying time for that sector.
So, I just start to conclude by noting the comments about the importance of transparency and the importance of scrutiny. And I give my commitment to this Senedd that I will continue to be as absolutely transparent as I'm able to be, and to welcome scrutiny, and welcome challenge, of course, at all times during the budget process. And just finally, this supplementary budget continues to fund the range of measures that we've put in place to respond to the pandemic. I've mentioned that there'll be further allocations, but those will be featured in the second supplementary budget, which I intend to bring in due course to the Senedd. I move the motion.

Thank you, Minister. The proposal therefore is to agree the motion. Does any Member object. [Objection.] I will defer voting under this item until voting time.

Voting deferred until voting time.

10. Debate: Priorities for 2022-23 Budget Preparations

The next item is the debate on priorities for the 2022-23 budget preparations. I call once again on the Minister for finance to move the motion—Rebecca Evans.

Motion NDM7749 Lesley Griffiths
To propose that the Senedd:
Considers the spending priorities for the Welsh Government’s Draft Budget 2022-23.

Motion moved.

Rebecca Evans AC: Diolch, Llywydd. Continuing the tradition of the previous administration, I am pleased to outline the preparations for the Welsh Government's budget for 2022-23. This annual debate has become an important fixture in the Senedd calendar, providing an early opportunity to look ahead to next year's spending priorities, and, importantly, to give Members the opportunity to shape those preparations. As a Welsh Government, we have been given a clear mandate by the people of Wales following the election, a mandate to deliver on the commitments outlined in our ambitious programme for government. But we have equally been clear that we have no monopoly on good ideas. As the First Minister has already said, we will look to new ideas and new proposals from wherever they come in this Chamber, wherever they benefit Wales and our communities. And it's in that spirit that I open today's debate.
Prior to outlining our approach, it is important that we recognise the wider context within which we are undertaking these preparations. What previously we would have considered extraordinary has, sadly, become ordinary. The challenges we face are significant. They include the ongoing impacts of the UK leaving the European Union, the urgent need to respond to the climate and nature emergencies, as well as the devastating impacts of the pandemic itself.
The impacts of those challenges will be profound. Over the course of the pandemic, at least two years of gross domestic product growth will be lost, much of which may never be recovered. The Office for Budget Responsibility believes the pandemic will permanently reduce GDP by 3 per cent. Welsh businesses are now beginning to encounter many of the real costs of the UK leaving the EU. The loss of the £375 million of EU funding a year to the Welsh Government will have serious implications for Welsh businesses, individuals and our core public services. We know the pandemic's impact has fallen disproportionately on the most vulnerable, and we know that the Climate Change Committee has estimated that the additional investment required in Wales as a whole could rise to over £2 billion by 2030 to address our decarbonisation needs, not including adaptation costs or the threat to biodiversity.
It is clear the fiscal context of the pandemic has weakened public finances. The Resolution Foundation estimates non-protected departmental resource spending per person will be 24 per cent lower in real terms in 2024-25 than in 2009-10. Beyond the next spending review, OBR analysis highlights severe long-term pressures, driven by demographic change and increasing costs of healthcare. Left unaddressed, these pressures would unsustainably push UK Government debt to more than 400 per cent of GDP 50 years from now.
We also face ongoing uncertainty over the timing of the UK Government spending review and whether the Chancellor will indeed keep to his promise of providing a multi-year settlement. Until this concludes in the autumn, we are having to undertake our preparations without certain knowledge of our settlement. In that context, we will continue to press the UK Government to urgently confirm its intentions as soon as possible.
I am grateful for the Finance Committee's recognition of this challenging context. I intend to follow recent practice and publish a combined outline and departmental draft budget on 20 December and the final budget on 1 March. I fully recognise the impact this timetable will have, particularly on local authorities and the third sector, as well as the impact that this will have for Senedd scrutiny of our plans. In setting out this plan, I want to strike a careful balance of ensuring that we can effectively undertake our preparations whilst providing as much certainty as we can to partners and ensure the maximum time available for scrutiny in the Senedd.
In preparing for the challenges to come, we must continue to maximise the impact of our available funding to prioritise the delivery of our ambitious programme for government, and in that spirit, I want to recognise the tireless work of our partners through the pandemic. In recognition of that work, I want today to confirm that funding for health, social care and local government will remain a core priority of our budget preparations.
We have previously stated our ambition to provide multi-year settlements if we're in a position to do so by the UK Government. On the basis that the UK Government keeps to its promise, we are undertaking our own preparations to enable us to respond. In the context of a UK efficiency review resulting in a less favourable outcome, we cannot ignore the incredibly challenging context we face and the difficult choices that flow from it. But we will not let these challenges daunt our ambition. Difficult times require difficult choices and that is why we will use the development of the new 10-year Wales infrastructure investment strategy, which I intend to publish alongside our 2022-23 draft budget, to shape the important work that we need to do in the coming years to strengthen the link between infrastructure and the need to tackle the climate and biodiversity crisis. We will look to all levers at our disposal, but we also remain committed to the promises of our manifesto. I am committed to respect the manifesto pledge we made not to raise Welsh rates of income tax whilst the economic impact of the pandemic is still being felt.
I know there is a great deal of interest in this budget. As in previous years, I intend to engage with groups from across public life in Wales. I hope Members will take the opportunity to speak to their own networks to consider and to bring forward innovative and novel ideas to meet the challenges that we have to face. The Welsh Government has been elected with a clear and bold mandate: to build a fairer, greener and more prosperous Wales. Our budget next year will support us along that path to deliver on our programme for government, and, in that work, I want to listen to and work with colleagues from across this Chamber, and I look forward to the debate today. Diolch.

The Finance Committee Chair, Peredur Owen Griffiths.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: Thank you very much, Llywydd. I'm pleased to be able to contribute to this important debate today in my role as Chair of the Finance Committee. Like buses, they don't come for ages and then you get two at once, and I'm very pleased to be able to take part.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: In previous years, the Finance Committee has led on this type of debate and, in normal times, the committee would hold a big stakeholder event or an online campaign to hear the views of stakeholders on where the Welsh Government should be prioritising its spending. This information would then feed into a debate of this type so that Members have the opportunity to discuss and potentially influence the Welsh Government's spending decisions prior to publishing the draft budget. As a committee, we believe this debate should be led by the Finance Committee in future years. We've written to the Minister and to the Business Committee to seek their agreement for this annual Finance Committee-led debate.
Last year, the UK Government only provided a single-year settlement, so we again find ourselves in a position where the publication of the draft budget will be delayed until the Welsh Government has certainty over its funding settlement. The Chancellor of the Exchequer has indicated his intention to conduct a multi-year comprehensive spending review, which is likely to be concluded in the autumn.
It is disappointing that the first draft budget of this Welsh Government will be published during the Christmas recess. While we appreciate the uncertainty faced by the Welsh Government, this proposed timetable for consideration of the draft budget curtails scrutiny by this Senedd. We would urge the Minister to look at any opportunity to bring that publication date forward. Nonetheless, we are pleased that a comprehensive spending review will take place this year so that Wales has some certainty of funding for the next few years. This is imperative to assist the Welsh Government in planning effectively and to provide long-term indicative funding for the Welsh public sector.
The upcoming draft budget will inevitably reflect the Welsh Government’s continued recovery from COVID-19. Last year’s draft budget saw the Welsh Government holding significant unallocated reserves due to the need for some flexibility to deal with the response to the pandemic. We hope this year we will see a more detailed draft budget focusing on recovery for the NHS, for local government and Wales’s economy.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: This draft budget will be the first of the sixth Senedd, and I hope that the Finance Committee can work collaboratively with the other policy committees. Given that the draft budget is likely to be published prior to Christmas, we intend to consult on the priorities for the next draft budget in the autumn term. I’d encourage committee Chairs and members to engage with the Finance Committee on how this consultation can support individual committees—

Can I just pause here? I understand that the translation isn't working, from looking at the Minister.

Rebecca Evans AC: It's working okay for me.

It seems to be partially working and partially not working. [Interruption.] So, it seems to be a Labour backbench issue at this point. Can I just pause for a second whilst we see if any intervention can be made to restart the translation?

So, if I speak in Welsh in order to see whether the translation is working—. Yes, it's working for some Members certainly, but it isn't working for everyone still.

Joyce Watson AC: It's okay.

It's okay. If Joyce says it's okay—[Interruption.] Okay, we're sending Jack Sargeant around the back of the Chamber now to try and see if he can remedy this.

So, we will continue. I don't know what happened there. Apologies to the Chair of the committee, but you can continue with your work.

Peredur Owen Griffiths AS: I've only got a little to go, so you don't have to be too concerned. I hope that the Finance Committee will be able to collaborate with other policy committees because, as I said, it's likely that the draft budget will be published before Christmas. We intend to consult on the priorities for the next draft budget in the autumn term. I would also encourage committee Chairs and members to engage with the Finance Committee on how this consultation can support individual committees in their scrutiny processes and how we can collaborate across the policy areas to scrutinise the Government's work. Thank you very much.

Peter Fox AS: I wish I could speak Welsh and use the translation as well, but perhaps I'll get there one day. Minister, thank you for setting out the Government's priorities going forward, and I welcome also your desire for new ideas, so I won't let you down and I will lead you through some of my thinking.
I'm sure many of the people of Wales will have been listening to your speech with particular interest because this year's budget priorities will be, arguably, the most important in a generation. Welsh Conservatives have been clear that the overarching priority for any Government must be to ensure our communities and services bounce back from COVID-19. From the outset, the UK Conservative Government has been firmly driving its robust initiatives to protect jobs, businesses and livelihoods from the devastating impact of the pandemic.
Slowly but surely, we are re-emerging from the worst stages of the pandemic, and that is why the Welsh Government cannot waste any time in paving the way for us to build back better, fairer and greener. The pandemic has highlighted that Wales was in decline even before COVID-19 struck. We have one in five people stuck on a waiting list, the slowest growing economy in the UK and the lowest wages in Britain. Two decades of Welsh Labour rule has held back Wales's true potential—two decades where aspiration has been stifled, two decades where too many young people have been left behind, and two decades where hopes and dreams have been dashed. You had the opportunity with this year's financial priorities to set right many historic wrongs, and I hope perhaps we will see some of those wrongs put right at some point. But, sadly, Minister, once again, I believe that the Government has missed the mark and the opportunity today to share more. The people of Wales needed to see a long-term blueprint for a job-led recovery to turbo-charge the Welsh economy and level up the entire country. Wales is a country of immense talent, and we want to help unleash it.
As the party of aspiration and opportunity for all, the Welsh Conservatives have an ambitious investment plan to secure Wales's future. Our bold plan for the economy would include building 100,000 new houses in the next decade to help kick-start the Welsh economy, as well as generating 65,000 new jobs. We would invest in modern infrastructure for Wales, not slash it away. We would ensure no taxes for the duration of the Senedd term, and abolish business rates for small businesses altogether. Raising taxes at this precise moment would be catastrophic, and I hope, Minister, you will rule out today introducing new taxes.
Over the last 16 months, we've also seen how our front-line health and care professionals have endured so much in keeping us safe; we now owe it to them to ensure that they have the best facilities and sufficient resources to do their jobs. That is why a key priority has to be to develop a clear plan to enable the Welsh NHS to clear the waiting list backlog that has deteriorated during the pandemic, as well as seeing more funding to address the many specific areas, such as mental health, and the ever-increasing demand on social care.
As a past long-standing council leader, I have mentioned in this Chamber how I have seen the growing disparity between funding and reserves of various councils, and have argued that the current system is out of date and requires review, and that councils need a multi-year settlement—and I was pleased to hear what you said in that regard—to ensure that they can continue to deliver first-class services. To ensure a sustainable future for local authorities, Welsh Conservatives would also reform the local government funding formula to ensure fair funding across Wales, particularly to our rural councils, and help prevent excessive council tax rises.
And one of the saddest facts to date is that a generation of young people have been let down. We can't afford this to be repeated again. That is why our plan for change would also ensure all schools would be the very best they can by ending the underfunding of young people's education—something that has gone on for far too long. This is in addition to recruiting 5,000 more teachers to help young people to catch up on lost learning and boost school performances.
What I've just laid out should be the Welsh Government's priorities for moving Wales forward. We don't need any more excuses for any further calls for more powers, which will do nothing to solve the inherent problems facing the people of Wales. What we are calling for today is entirely possible, but it's up to Welsh Labour Ministers, who control the purse strings, whether they wish to put right those many historic wrongs. It is a fact that you still have an eye-watering amount of unallocated money, as I mentioned in the earlier debate. Now is the time, if you are going to use that money, to do so. So, Minister, for the sake of Wales's future, will you heed our calls and use the unallocated money, as well as introducing our forward-thinking ideas, as you've welcomed, to allow us to build a stronger, fairer and greener Wales?

Llyr Gruffydd AC: May I welcome this debate, and thank the Minister for bringing forward this debate in the absence of the fact that the Finance Committee wasn't established in time to do so?
The first thing I want to say and what I want to do is to echo what I said in the previous debate: now is the time for the Welsh Government to be more creative and more ambitious in terms of its budget for next year. The circumstances in terms of responding to the climate emergency, emerging from the pandemic and continuing to respond to Brexit mean that the Government must do everything possible to innovate with its expenditure plans.
Now, we as a party set out options in our manifesto for the election, but a major part of this, of course, is to do everything we can to avoid just implementing more austerity on behalf of the UK Government in Wales, and to use the powers that we have, but also to insist on further powers to invest in the recovery that we all want to see.
Now, I referred to borrowing earlier, and I'll make that point again: borrowing is limited—I know that—but, over the past five years, only £59 million of the £0.75 billion has the Welsh Government borrowed. I think circumstances would require us to move from that point, because now, more than ever, we need a budget to transform the lives of the people of Wales that is focused on the long term, that is focused on the preventative agenda and not business as usual.
Now, that was the radical culture change that many of us hoped would be brought about by the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015, but, essentially, of course, that fundamental change hasn't happened. Generally speaking, the budgetary allocations of the Welsh Government are the same today as they were 10 years ago. I want to see a clearer shift and a clearer focus next year on delivering against the goals of the well-being of future generations Act. I also want to see a relentless focus on transitioning to a green economy, which will help to mitigate the risks of economic shock in future, and will create a more resilient Wales for future generations.
Now, the delay and review of road projects announced by the Government is a signal to me that the Government does want to move in that direction, but the litmus test for me every time is the budget. If I don't see that message being clearly highlighted in the budget for next year—not just in the context of roads, but across the whole of the Government's budget—then that won't lead to the very real change that I want to see, and the circumstances now do insist that business as usual is no longer an option.
Now, some of my fellow Members on these benches will outline certain issues in the debate; I just want to touch on one or two in the time remaining to me. We all, of course, want to ensure better pay and conditions for NHS staff in Wales, and Plaid Cymru supports the demand for an increase in the salaries of nursing staff that recognises the value of their work. I very much hope that we will see the Welsh Government's response being closer to what's been agreed in Scotland—that 4 per cent—rather than the suggestion of 1 per cent made by the UK Government, because, without giving a deserved pay increase to our nurses, we will have an increased recruitment and retention problem within the health service. So, we need to invest now in order to ensure an adequate workforce to secure a more resilient and sustainable service for the future. Anything less than that would be counterproductive.
The same is true of carers' salaries. As a society, we have delegated care to those on the lowest salaries and with the least support, and in face of the ongoing cuts to the budgets of local authorities over the years—down almost 25 per cent in real terms since 2010—the Government does have to take action on that agenda.
Housing, of course, is an important area. We've heard reference to that already—not just the housing crisis and the need to take action in the budgetary context when it comes to tackling some of the issues related to the housing market, but also, of course, the need to develop the ambition in terms of house building. The pandemic has shown that we can bring homelessness to an end if the political will is there; we need to maintain that momentum now. And, of course, research has shown that preventative spend to prevent homelessness would generate savings, and that's certainly something that we would want to see the Government intensifying its focus on.
The climate emergency permeates all parts of the budget—or hopefully it does—for next year, but NRW will drive a very important element or elements of that work, and we know about the unsustainable trajectory in terms of the funding, which is shrinking year on year, while responsibilities increase year on year. We need to resolve that once and for all.
So, my plea to Government is: if your next budget is a business-as-usual budget, then there is no desire to facilitate that on these benches; but if you are brave, radical and ambitious, then we will walk that road with you.

Mike Hedges AC: I've just understood the Conservatives' economic policy: you spend more, and you tax less. I'm not quite sure how that has worked, and I'm sure that Peter Fox didn't do that when he was leading Monmouthshire County Council, so why he wants the Welsh Government to do it, I'm not quite sure.
Theaim of every budget is the same: to improve health, improve the environment, reduce carbon emissions, improve educational attainment, improve the economy and improve the quality of life of the people of Wales. What will happen is there will be a substantial increase in funding for the health budget, which will, via health boards, send the money to hospitals to undertake treatment.
I want to talk about something different: promoting health, instead of just dealing with sickness. Health can be promoted by encouraging healthy activities, regular physical exercise, reducing or avoiding unhealthy activity or situations, such as smoking or excessive stress. We know that the following improves health: washing your hands. We've seen a substantial reduction in stomach problems and gastric problems in the last 18 months, when people have been sanitising and washing their hands continually. I've heard from at least one health board that it's gone down by about 90 per cent. We need to sleep regularly—improve our sleep hygiene—maintain good posture, drink plenty of fluids, be more active, get 150 minutes of aerobic exercise a week, minimise stress levels and reduce pollution. The less traffic we have on the road, the more we reduce pollution, and far too many of my constituents live near roads where they are 1m away from, when they get out of their front door, where the nitrogen oxides that are coming in there are damaging their health.
And, of course, can I take you on to the major one: obesity? Obesity is our biggest problem. It'll soon be our biggest killer. High blood pressure is caused because additional fat tissue in the body needs oxygen and nutrients in order to live. Obesity is the major cause of type 2 diabetes. If current trends continue, we'll have 300,000 people in Wales with diabetes, and that will cost the NHS over £500 million a year. And I'm talking about type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes, which is entirely different. Around 80 per cent is spent on managing complications, most of which could be prevented. Heart disease with hardening of the arteries is present 10 times more often in obese people than it is in people who are not obese.
Whilst we've seen a continuing reduction in smoking, which is really one of the great successes—and I'm sure all Governments will claim credit for it, but I think it's one of the great successes we've seen; people smoke substantially less, and it's become something that is not really socially acceptable any more—what we have is people eating themselves into obesity. The Welsh Government needs to promote a healthy lifestyle, and thus reduce the number of people with ill-health conditions.
Is it any surprise that people with a poor diet, living in cold, damp conditions, are more likely to have ill health? The Attlee Government from 1945-51 realised the link between housing and health. Unfortunately, that has not been followed by any Government since. We need to build high-quality council houses across Wales to improve people's lives and health. Improving the environment and providing green spaces and better air quality improves health.
Turning to some other areas, as we know, we are fast losing biodiversity in Wales. The latest 'State of Natural Resources Report' states that the overall trend is one of serious decline, reflecting the global, internationally recognised, nature emergency. On the economy, successful areas in the world, including the UK, have high-quality universities, a ready supply of new graduates and a critical mass of technology companies, with research and development taking place, and a large number of start-up companies. Can the Welsh Government economic policy target life sciences, ICT and financial services? I don't think I'm the only one who thinks we need more Admirals and fewer LGs. Investing in our schools and young people is an investment in the future. The pandemic has shown how important local government is and how, when we need it, it provides not just the basic services, but can get out there and provide all the support that is necessary.
Finally, in 2022, it will be entirely different to 2019. Working from home and online shopping are here to stay. They were a direction of travel the economy was going in up till 2019; they were going slowly. What we saw was the pandemic turbo-charge those, but people aren't going back—the number of people I talk to in different places where working from home some or all of the time is the new norm. And there's no reason to go into some workplaces. If all you're doing is accessing a database that isn't even in the office you're going into, then why do you need to go into that office to do it? You can do it from anywhere. The database might be in Dublin or it might be outside Newport—why do you need to go into an office in Cardiff Bay or in Swansea to do it?
And can I just say how disappointed I am the Welsh Government is still building a second Llandeilo bypass? The A40 is the first one.

Samuel Kurtz MS: I welcome the opportunity to raise the importance of the basic payment scheme in supporting Wales's hard-working farmers during today's debate and the need for it to be protected in the 2022-23 budget. The basic payment scheme, the BPS, is an integral part of Wales's farming industry, supporting farmers in their production of high-quality produce in a sustainable manner. I welcome the positive comments from the rural affairs Minister last month, in which she stated it was the Welsh Government's intention to maintain the basic payment scheme throughout 2022. The Welsh Government have the capacity to ensure that this is the case, and I would argue that it isn't reliant on the UK Government's future funding commitment, unlike what the Minister said. It's well documented that the Welsh Government's rural development plan falls short of its obligations and intent, and I would argue strongly that the prioritisation of future agricultural funding should be directed towards the BPS rather than the RDP.
When the phrase 'public money for public goods' is bandied around, I see no greater public good than the food produced by dedicated Welsh farmers. And while this debate may only focus on the 2022-23 budget, I would add that the agricultural industry requires a long-term funding commitment. Indeed, NFU Cymru president John Davies said that we now need further commitment from the Welsh Government to maintain this funding. Therefore, I urge you, Minister, to work with your Cabinet colleagues, especially the rural affairs Minister, to ensure that our farmers continue to receive the support they require by prioritising funding towards the BPS. Diolch.

Heledd Fychan AS: I'm sure we're as one in our hope that this will be a budget for recovery rather than a reactive budget, and I'd like to echo Llyr Gruffydd's points: this needs to be a radical budget if we are to address the challenges faced by our communities. It will be crucial, therefore, that the central role played by our cultural, arts, creative and heritage sectors is recognised in it. After all, these sectors are so central to our economy and our identity as a nation, as well as the well-being of each and every one of us.
They are also an integral part of our lives, as has become even more apparent over the past 12 months, as many of us have found comfort in being creative and having a number of new hobbies, and so on. But although these sectors have been innovative in terms of their response to the pandemic, they have also been impacted greatly, with great uncertainty facing many of those working in these areas, as freelance workers or as staff members. It's not overstatement to say that, despite the cultural recovery fund, the future of Theatr Genedlaethol Cymru, National Theatre Wales, the National Library of Wales, National Museum Wales, Literature Wales, National Dance Company Wales, the Books Council of Wales, the Wales Millennium Centre, Welsh National Opera, Ffilm Cymru, the National Eisteddfod of Wales, the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, and Urdd Gobaith Cymru are all under threat. Now, the Welsh Government must safeguard their valuable contribution, their independence and their financial viability.
But let nobody think that this is simply the fault of the pandemic in terms of how vulnerable the cultural organisations of Wales are. The truth is that they have suffered a lack of investment and strategic direction for over a decade—indeed, since the days of the One Wales Government, with Alun Ffred Jones as Minister for culture and sport. It's only a few months since this Senedd discussed the need for fair, consistent funding for our national institutions, such as National Museum Wales and the national library. Thank goodness, after a public debate that went on for many months between the library and the Government, emergency funding was provided to these organisations a few months ago. But that just filled the gap rather than providing long-term support and assurances. It is scandalous that we don't have a cultural strategy with the funding to support it, and I welcome the commitment of the Deputy Minister, Dawn Bowden, to take this work forward. It is needed as a matter of urgency, and the content needs to be radical and ambitious, with the funding to deliver. One possible example that could be considered is the idea of a basic income for creative individuals, something that the Future Generations Commissioner for Wales spoke in favour of, noting too that the Welsh Government is missing opportunities in terms of culture in the post-pandemic planning.
Culture is not something at the margins, and it shouldn't be treated as such by our Government. As What Next? Cymru noted in its manifesto prior to the election, we must strengthen
'the cultural dimension throughout Welsh Government as this will fulfil more effectively and efficiently the government's own societal and economic ambitions'.
They also ask the Government to ensure
'that all departments of government support, fund and advocate a strong cultural component to their work.'
'Culture is ordinary', the famous words of Raymond Williams. But if we are serious about ensuring access and representation for everyone in Wales in terms of culture, then we must fund that. I very much hope that we will see this budget doing exactly that by putting right the historic underfunding and supporting these sectors to deliver their potential for the benefit of the people of Wales, the Welsh economy and also Wales's status as a confident, international, multicultural nation.

Alun Davies AC: I'd like to start by saying a word of thanks to the Government for undertaking this debate in the absence of the Finance Committee during this period. I think that it is an important thing that the Senedd does have an opportunity to discuss the budget before the Government establishes it, so we have an opportunity to say, as the representatives of the people of Wales, what our priorities are as a nation. And I want to start by asking the Minister, in your response to this debate, to explain where the Government stands on the subject of a legislative budget. The Minister will know that I have discussed this several times over the years, and I think that this is an important thing, particularly in this Senedd.
But like others, there are some areas where I think the Government should set its priorities. Like others, I would suggest climate, tackling poverty—I think that's vital—and safeguarding the future of public services. No-one here would be surprised by those priorities, and it's the easiest thing in the world to say that, but I also want to say that it's important during the coming years that the Government does do things that are not particularly popular.
I have argued over the years—and I think it's about time that the Government tackled this—that the Welsh Government is too small to achieve the aims that we set for it. I think we need to invest in the network of the Government itself. The easiest thing in the world—and we all do this, all the parties, the opposition parties and the Labour backbenchers—is to criticise the Government for not introducing or rolling out what it wants to do. But for too long as well, we have all been arguing for cuts to the civil service and cuts to the administration of the Government. And if we are serious about the different policies that we have—and I've mentioned the climate, and I've mentioned poverty—we also need a Government who can do that, and that means that we invest in the Government, and I think that it's important to do that.
And I'm very pleased that the First Minister is in his seat for this debate this afternoon, and the First Minister has said in response to questions that there will be a statement made by the Government on how the current, new Government is going to undertake work in the Valleys. I and others led work on the Valleys taskforce during the previous Senedd, and I'm eager to understand how this budget is going to consider investing in our most impoverished communities in the country. I hear what people say about there being impoverished communities right across the country, and it's possible to make strong arguments for investing in each community—I recognise that—but we all recognise that the most impoverished communities in Wales, Britain and Europe are still in the Valleys, and I think we do need this Government to make a clear statement that there will be investment in that region.
The final thing I want to say is about how we afford all of this, because we all still think about a budget as a spending plan, and there hasn't been any contribution yet during this debate about where the income is going to come from. Now, we have the opportunity here to raise taxes, if that's what the Government's objective is; I've argued previously that we do need to do that in order to safeguard our public services. But what I want to hear from the Minister is this: she has said what the Government's priorities are, and I agree with all of them, but can I ask the Minister whether there is enough cash in the bank to do that? And if there isn't, where is that money coming from? What kind of impact has the pandemic had on income from Welsh taxes? Do we know that yet? Has there been any analysis of where the income is coming from? Because I do think that, as part of the maturing process of the Senedd, we have to move towards a legislative budget, but it has to be a budget, and not just a spending plan. I think that's the weakness that has underpinned our previous discussions on this. Everybody wants to spend money, but no-one is proposing where the money should come from, and I do think that we do need to start to consider that during the coming months. Thank you.

Sam Rowlands MS: Thank you for the opportunity to debate on budget preparations for the next financial year or so. This is a timely debate, and obviously an extremely important one as we come out from the COVID-19 pandemic, and I would like to turn my contribution to local government, and the role and opportunity of properly supporting councils. But at this point, I remind Members of my interest as an elected member of Conwy County Borough Council as well.
Throughout this pandemic, councils have worked incredibly hard, and their efforts have been exceptional. The last year and a half has shown that councils are often best placed to decide what is best for their area. People know who their local councillors are, and have a personal connection with that local democracy as well. As such, it's vitally important that they have the finances to deliver on local priorities. Councils in Wales, as we know, have faced substantial pressures during the pandemic, and some of the most recent information shows that Welsh councils have so far reported financial losses of hundreds of millions of pounds through loss of income and additional expenditure. I certainly acknowledge the significant support that Government has provided to councils through this time, but these losses will have a significant impact on future council budgets, leading to increased budgetary pressures, not just now, but in the future, too. The latest report from Wales Fiscal Analysis showed that unfinanced pressures in councils next year could be over £400 million, and this needs to be properly acknowledged and supported through budgetary decisions so that councils can deliver on those local priorities.
So, from delivering local services to supporting vulnerable people and delivering business support, councils have shown what they can do when they are properly funded and supported, and this can often be done while providing value for money and clear local accountability. In terms of value for money, we know that local spending by local authorities does provide that value for money. Local government can often work more closely and better with local suppliers, and reports have even shown that, for every £1 spent with a local supplier, it's worth about £1.76 to the local economy, but only 36p if it's spent out of the local area. That makes every £1 spent locally worth around 400 per cent more to the local economy, so it provides really good value for money in the local areas.
Finally, the work and planning of councils can be further strengthened through the delivery of realistic, multi-year settlements for those councils, and this would give longer term financial certainty to support the delivery of vital services. Furthermore, as I've already said in the Chamber many times, now is the time to devolve more powers to councils and bring that power closer to people, which would be welcomed along with that proper financial support. So, to conclude, Llywydd, from my side, now is the time for this Welsh Government budget in the planning for next year to allow councils to flourish through more certainty of funding, and to empower local decision making through those levels of funding that reflect the value that councils have in our nation. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Siân Gwenllian AC: As the purpose of this debate is to seek the views of the Senedd on the budgetary priorities of Government, I want to take this opportunity to once again emphasise the need to move towards budgets that are preventative, and budgets that provide long-term solutions.
Investing in the education of our children and young people is a central part of the preventative agenda, and it's clear that we need to prioritise investment in our schools, and to employ more staff to support our young people with their learning. Over a decade, we have lost almost 1,700 staff from our schools, and we need to start to reverse this as a matter of urgency, and to do this by planning to increase the workforce by investing in our schools, rather than what has ben happening, namely forcing them to make cuts to their budgets and to make staff redundant.
May I urge you to include the extension of free school meals as a priority in the 2022-23 budget? Don't ignore your own Government's review, which has come to the conclusion that every family on universal credit should qualify for free school meals. If you do only one thing in this budget, do that for the benefit of the poorest families in Wales.
And finally, may I just take this opportunity to ask about teachers' pay and conditions? The independent review body has suggested that every statutory grade point—at all grades and allowances—should be increased by 1.75 per cent. The Minister for education has accepted this recommendation. Of course, I understand that there is no additional funding for teachers' pay allocations from the Tories and their Government in England. Can you provide us with some clarity on this point? How are you going to take forward that recommendation that has been accepted by your education Minister? And will you give us an update on your negotiations with the WLGA as to what the situation will be with teachers' pay and conditions? We need to know this as a matter of urgency, because school budgets run from September, of course, which is another problem. But having clarity on that situation this afternoon would be very useful indeed. Thank you.

Carolyn Thomas AS: I need to declare an interest as I am a still Flintshire councillor as well. Over the last 10 years of austerity, because of Welsh Government's budgets being cut, public services, including councils, have been cut to the bone. They have reorganised and restructured until they are at tipping point. Council tax used to equate to 24 per cent of the budget; the rest comes from Government. Now, it equates to 30 per cent of the budget, and cannot keep increasing. Residents cannot afford it, and non-collection rates will keep growing. Councils are also one of the biggest employers, which also then feeds the economy. Pay awards, increasing budget pressures, mainly on social care and education, and delivery of new legislation need to be covered, as councils are now at tipping point.Cuts to council services mean cuts to drainage teams, maintenance of highways, funding for education, social care, waste collections, fixing of potholes and street cleansing—all of these things that matter to people. Whatever the size and demographic of a council, there remain fixed, unalterable costs in many areas. A funding floor needs to be in place so the lowest funded still have enough to be able to deliver the basic services. Could I ask the Minister what work has been done to investigate the introduction of a local government funding floor to protect services and those that rely on them, and if that can be considered for the future as well? Thank you.

Gareth Davies AS: It's a pleasure to take part in the debate this evening. Can I declare an interest as I'm a Denbighshirecouncillor? I'm going to mention local government.
The coronavirus pandemic and the impact that COVID-19 has had on these shores during the past year and a half has highlighted the structural problems within the Welsh Government's budget. As the nation as a whole struggles to cope with the virus, it was those who relied upon our social care sector who struggled the most. It was those who worked in our care sector who had to shoulder the largest burden. Some of our lowest paid workers had to work day in, day out, with very little protection, and having to deal with the constant heartache of having their charges die from a terrible disease that stole the lives of so many. More than 1,600 people living in care homes died as a result of the pandemic, but more than that, they died because our social care sector is underfunded and overstretched. This debate by the Welsh Government asks us to consider the priorities for the next financial year. I say the priorities are simple: we need to address the chronic underfunding of our care system. The Welsh Government have committed to completing the integration of health and social care. They are widening the roles of regional partnership boards, but not following through with more money. So, it's more of the same. They expect local government social services departments to do more, but provide them with less and less each year. Before any of us had even heard of COVID, colleagues in local government were warning of a shortfall of hundreds of millions of pounds in social care. The situation has gone from bad to worse.
In evidence to the previous Senedd's Finance Committee, the Welsh Local Government Association identified over £279 million-worth of underlying budgetary pressures for the current financial year alone. In their evidence to the health committee, the WLGA highlighted that the funding problems had created particular issues in respect of the impact on demand-led social care services, and the potential fragility of smaller, council-commissioned private care providers. These pressures are rising and will continue to rise. We need around 20,000 extra social care staff by the end of the decade, and we have to ensure that they are paid a fair wage. We have an abject lack of disability adaptable housing. We have seen the number of children in care increase by over a quarter in the last five years. Yet, the Welsh Government failed to give social care the priority it deserves. The supplementary budget failed to set aside any significant funds for social care. More funding was allocated to the creation of international exchange programmes than what was allocated to additional support for early years learners. It's time to stop funding pet projects and ensure our social care sector, and by extension local government, is adequately funded. Diolch yn fawr iawn.

Rhianon Passmore AC: The Welsh Labour Government was re-elected in May of this year for another five-year term by the people of Wales. For me, the starting point is those discussions on the 2022-23 budget preparations. They can be found within the pages of that contract between the Labour Government and the people of Wales. We know—all of us in this place—that we must end this pandemic and build back fairer and greener, but it's that journey that is critical. I will not repeat the inescapable external pressures and lack of levers, totally ignored by the Conservative Party opposite and their 'spend more, tax less' approach, no doubt much appreciated by Alice in the Welsh National Opera's recent production.
Anyway, in the fifth Senedd—my first as the Member of the Senedd for Islwyn—I advocated strongly for us to ensure that Wales develops a national music strategy and an education plan, sitting within a funded cultural strategy, so that our children across Wales can access music education without there being a financial or access barrier. I do agree with much of what has been said in this area. Wales is known throughout the world as the land of song. It is our duty to ensure in this place that we nurture that legacy and enhance it for future generations. So, I was particularly pleased to see, in the Welsh Labour manifesto, the commitment to establish a national music service to make sure that a lack of money is no barrier to young people learning to play an instrument. That will not be easy in this climate. And yes, there will always be a challenge, as has been articulated, for allocating funding. But fund we must the children of Wales to ensure that our wonderful cultural life is retained, now and for future generations. Budgets rightly must focus on pounds and pence, but we cannot and should not value the life of our nation in simple profit and loss. It must be all of our collective mission and vision to nurture the musical and creative life of Wales. As the chair of the cross-party group on music, I welcome the many Members across the Chamber and across all parties who are committed to ensure that Wales's children continue to have access to their musical and creative birthright. I do welcome also the exciting proposals mooted for UBI.
Llywydd, the benefits system in Wales is run by the UK Tory Government, and there will be a strong need for the Welsh Labour Government to continue to stand very tall for those in need, whether that be those abandoned due to chronic welfare cuts, consequences of fuel poverty, unemployment or the reality of the lack of compassion shown to them by Westminster. As the Welsh Government has stated, by deciding to end the additional £20 universal credit payment from September, the UK Government has abandoned a great many people when they need the support the most. It will be vital that we assess future budget priorities to continue to ameliorate the devastation that poverty causes in the lives of families and communities. Minister, one thing I know for certain is that the good people of Islwyn will be well served by a Welsh Labour Government determining the budget priorities for 2022-23, and fighting for a brighter, greener, fairer and more prosperous future for all.

The Minister for finance to reply to the debate—Rebecca Evans.

Rebecca Evans AC: Diolch, Llywydd. I'd like to thank all colleagues for what's been a really wide-ranging debate and thank you for the representations that you've been putting forward today. I do agree that, in future years, it would be excellent for this debate to be held by the Finance Committee. Clearly, for practical reasons, it wasn't possible this year, but I'm really heartened to hear that the committee will be undertaking an inquiry through the autumn. That will be very helpful in helping us determine the decisions that need to be made in terms of allocations. Again, it's really positive that the committee will be engaging with other policy committees to explore areas of joint interest and joint priorities. So, again, another excellent innovation, I think.
Whilst we continue to face extremely uncertain and challenging circumstances, we do welcome those new ideas and new proposals wherever they benefit Wales and our communities. We're a Government that is ready to take on innovative concepts regardless of which political party presents them. We can't escape and neither can we ignore the difficult decisions that we'll need to take. At the same time, we won't let this daunt our drive and our determination to deliver our commitments outlined in our ambitious programme for government, as mandated by the people of Wales. I am confident that we have the tools and the ideas to deliver against this ambitious agenda that we've set for ourselves. I'll use our preparations to explore all the levers at our disposal to maximise the impact of the funding available, whether this is through placing more value on social impacts and procurement contracts, or repayable finance models providing a more business-orientated focus to the programmes and projects that we support.
I'm grateful to colleagues for all of the comments. I won't respond in detail, because that's not the purpose of today's debate; today's debate really is about us listening and you having the chance to set out your priorities. But I do want to just share with you some of the things that I think I've heard from the discussion today. One is that we should have a really relentless focus on recovery, both in terms of individuals and tackling poverty, but also in terms of protecting and safeguarding our wonderful public services, including the NHS and, of course, local government, and working to ensure that those people who've been hardest hit by the pandemic aren't left behind in the recovery. The points made about the role of education and supporting struggling families are well heard there.
In terms of health and social care, I've heard that there is a keenness to support the workforce, support for carers and to promote health and wellness, and also a real focus on sustainable social services. In terms of housing, there's a keenness to address those issues relating to the market itself, to address the need to build more houses and tackle homelessness, with having that intensified focus on prevention. In terms of tackling climate change and biodiversity, there was a real passion for that, I think, across the Chamber this afternoon. And lots of comments in terms of how we can support the economy, whether it's growing the areas where we're developing real expertise here in Wales, such as the financial services sector, or supporting our rural economy, or noting and developing the important role that our music, culture and heritage sector has both in the economy, but also in terms of our culture and our social life. All of those points I think have been really well made this afternoon.
I do also want to say something very briefly about the resources available to the Welsh Government, because, of course, we need the funding to turn these aspirations into things that will have a difference and make a difference in people's lives here in Wales. I do want to talk about the impact that the UK Government's decision regarding the levelling-up fund will have on us here in Wales and our budget and what we're able to do. The European structural and investment funds are worth £375 million annually to Wales over seven years. Had we remained in the EU, Wales would have had a full year's financial allocation starting from January 2021 for new programmes, irrespective of ongoing payments from the EU budget for existing commitments made during the current round of EU programmes. In 2021-22, we estimate Wales will receive £30 million to £50 million from the levelling-up fund and the community renewal fund, noting that both of these, of course, are competitive, and this creates a huge cut to the Welsh Government's budget, making local councils compete for some of that money. And it's been sold to people in Wales as an investment in levelling up, but frankly, if the gap isn't filled, Wales will be further disadvantaged in addressing our economic challenges.
The UK Government plans put at risk critical pan-Wales programmes which will be central to recovery, for example, Business Wales and the development bank, as well as key employability schemes such as the apprenticeships and traineeships that have been integrated into the economic landscape in Wales over many, many years. So, that is what is at risk here as well.
And I do want to say something about the resources available in terms of farm and fisheries funding as well. We will only receive £400 million—. Sorry, excuse me, we will only receive £242 million in replacement funding for the common agricultural policy from the UK, leaving Wales £137 million short of the funding we expected to receive this year. And we completely disagree with the UK Government's suggestion that they have met their obligations to provide replacement funding for farmers and rural development through a combination of replacement funding from the spending review, and Wales's remaining EU funding of £95 million and £42 million pillar transfer. Had the UK Government provided a reasonable and multi-year financial settlement last year, then we would have been in a better place to consider the support for these arrangements.
So, these are some of the real challenges that we're dealing with currently, and which will inevitably have a continuing impact on our budget in future years as well.
So, I'd just like to say in closing, I do welcome the debate. I think it shows that we all have a part to play in ensuring that we work together to build that fairer, greener and more prosperous Wales. Thank you to all colleagues for their contributions.

The proposal is to agree the motion. Does any Member object? No, there is no objection to this motion. So, the motion is therefore agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Motion agreed in accordance with Standing Order 12.36.

Which brings us now to voting time, and therefore, we will take a short break before we hold the vote.

Plenary was suspended at 19:02.

The Senedd reconvened at 19:05, with the Llywydd in the Chair.

11. Voting Time

That brings us to voting time. And there is only one vote this afternoon, and that is on the first supplementary budget 2021-22. And I call for a vote on the motion, tabled in the name of Lesley Griffiths. Open the vote.

Reading the lips, I think theGweinidog iechyd just said 'oops'.

Close the vote. In favour 29, 25 abstentions, and none against. And therefore the motion is agreed.

Item 9 - Debate: The First Supplementary Budget 2021-22: For: 29, Against: 0, Abstain: 25
Motion has been agreedClick to see vote results

And that concludes our work for the day.

The meeting ended at 19:06.

QNR

Questions to the First Minister

Gareth Davies: How will the Welsh Government support the delivery of extra-care housing across Wales?

Mark Drakeford: We provide grant funding to support the delivery of extra-care housing. Extra care is an important housing option for older people, bringing together high-quality flexible accommodation with care and technology to enable people to live independently.

Jack Sargeant: How will the Welsh Government’s proposal for a community bank generate investment in Welsh communities?

Mark Drakeford: The community bank will improve access to cash and banking services for individuals and small businesses across Wales. It will help facilitate local investment, economic development and community wealth building, recirculating savings into loans and preventing capital drain. Bank outlets will have a positive impact on communities and high streets.

Buffy Williams: How does the Welsh Government intend to build on the success of the valleys taskforce over the next Senedd term?

Mark Drakeford: We are committed to building on the successful programme of work led by the ministerial taskforce for the south Wales Valleys. We are working with partners across the Valleys to determine how to further develop and stimulate economic, social and environmental action, particularly in the Heads of the Valleys region.

Mark Isherwood: How is the Welsh Government supporting people with learning disabilities?

Mark Drakeford: Following completion of the successful Improving Lives programme, we will build on achievements already made to support individuals to lead healthy and independent lives. We continue to work closely with the learning disability ministerial advisory group and third sector partners to deliver improved outcomes for people with learning disabilities.